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Heavy Metals in Soil, Maize and Water Due To Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Four Selected Dumpsites in Lagos and Environs Using Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS): A Global Warning

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easmb.2020.v03i05.001
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Since many disposal sites are open dumps without any barrier especially in developing countries, there is danger of leaching, infiltration of contaminated compounds into the soil which could influence the quality of ground water and vegetation that is near to the dumpsites. This study however becomes important as a result of indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceuticals due to open incineration in landfill which exposes human to health risk. The overview of the study is aimed at assessing the presence of suspected heavy metals like Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, As, Mn and Ni by inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in soil within 10-20cm depth, maize and water from borehole of 150ft deep, river and well. Samples were prepared for analysis by acid digestion using 5% HNO3 and 30% H2 O2 .A total of 13 water samples in wet season,14 in dry season, 19 soil sample in wet season and 18 all samples included control samples, maize was 5 from wet season. The distribution of mean concentration of As ((3855.76 ± 986.31ppm) in Epe soil and Olusosun water ((326813.51 ± 424857.56ppm), Hg in Epe soil (1785.75± 1001.4ppm)were high, Cd ((36.68 ± 190.6ppm) at Epe ,Co (2932821.87 ± 1461049.91ppm) in soil, Co (9.75 ± 5.8ppm) in water were high. The samples were obtained from active dumpsites and control sites in four LGA during wet and dry season for a better risk analysis and comparism. Soil analysis had As above WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 20ppm, Cd recorded at all sites were above the WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 3ppm for soils. The Hg mean concentration in soil was recorded above WHO/FAO (2001) permissible limit of 2.00ppm but noticed to be low or absent in water (p< 0.01), this could be as a result of open digestion that led to escape of Hg compounds. It was observed that high accumulation of heavy metals were in soil samples, this exceeded their WHO/FAO threshold while the mean concentration of water were significantly low. This article gives a

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Dr. Afroza Begum

Lecturer, Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College & Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh

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