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Objectives: To study antibiotic prophylaxis in Niamey. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in five hospitals in Niamey over a period of four months from 16th June, to 15th, October, 2021. The study included anaesthetists, anaesthesia nurses, surgeons, surgeon nurses and surgical unit supervisor, who agreed to complete the survey supports. The variables studied were: age, profession, experience of practitioners, knowledges of surgery requiring antibiotic prophylaxis and duration, choice and prescription of antibiotics, need for post degree training. Results: Were been included 146 practitioners: 53 anaesthesia nurses, 31 surgeons, 30 surgeons nurses, 22 surgical unit supervisor and 10 anaesthetists. Their average age of practitioners was 40.85 years, ranging from 24 to 59 years. The study found that preventing infection was the goal of antibiotic prophylaxis for 91.78% of practitioners. Surgeries requiring antibiotic prophylaxis were clean and contaminated surgeries according to 64.38% and 56.84% of staff, respectively. The prescriber of antibiotic prophylaxis should be the anaesthetist according to 61.64% of respondents. The antibiotic should be administered 30 minutes before the incision for 56.85% of practitioners. Ceftriaxone was the most proposed antibiotic in 43.15%. Eighty-three percent of staff had not received after degree training on antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusion: this study reveals the inadequacies of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Niamey hospitals. The difficulties are related to the unavailability of recommended antibiotics, the lack of protocol and the lack of training.

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Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot that blocks and stops blood flow to an artery in the lung. It (PE) is a common and often fatal complication of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular-related death and is responsible for the hospitalization of a huge number of patients yearly. D-dimer concentration is a diagnostic marker of pulmonary embolism (PE). Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the impact of anesthesia on D-dimer concentration in patients undergoing surgery associated with high risk for pulmonary embolism. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia & ICU, Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2022 to December 2022. In total 57 patients undergoing surgery associated with a high risk for pulmonary embolism were enrolled in this study as study subjects. In this study, we examined the changes imparted by anaesthesia surgery on the end-tidal CO2/O2 compared with the D-dimer. Blood samples were immediately analyzed for fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations. Breath samples were obtained from 1 min of spontaneous tidal breaths delivered via mouthpiece while the patientst breathed room air. Results: In this study, the mean transoperative value changes of respiratory rate (breaths/min), pulse rate (beats/min), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), SaO2 (%, room air) and minute ventilation (ml/min) were found as 0.23, 11.2, 15.33, 2.05 and 779.42 respectively. The pre-operative mean D-dimer 1042.57 ±202.47 ng/ml had been significantly increased to 1277.58 ±211.28 ng ml postoperatively, where the p-value was found as <0.001. On the other hand, the pre-operative mean End-tidal CO2 ⁄ O2, 0.3 ±0.02 had been decreased to 0.3 ±0.01 (Not significant). But the mean fibrinogen (mg/dl) had increased significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: As per the findings of this study we can conclude that the stress ...

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Introduction: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOA) are recent drugs prescribed for their anticoagulant properties. When an invasive procedure is planned for a patient under DOA, the challenge for the anaesthetist is to assess the risk of bleeding and thromboembolism secondary to the medication withdrawal. In certain situations, ultrasound, with its advantages of guidance and location, is an important tool that can reduce the peri-procedural bleeding risk. Method: We illustrate this problem with this clinical case. Observation: This is an 18-year-old female patient with a history of recent deep vein thrombosis treated with direct oral anticoagulants in an underlying pulmonary tuberculosis condition under treatment; received in the intensive care unit for management of respiratory distress due to a hydro-pneumothorax confirmed on pleuropulmonary ultrasound. Amain this urgent indication for thoracic drainage, the patient benefited from a decision by the referral team to withdraw the DOAs for 3 days, a relay with curative LMWH, an exsufflation of the pneumothorax and an evacuation puncture of the effusion under ultrasound guidance and location. Chest drainage was performed successfully and uneventfully after 3 days of DOA withdrawal. Conclusion: When an invasive procedure has to be performed in the emergency department or when the thromboembolic risk is very high, validated strategies for the peri-procedural management of DOAs have not been the subject of consensus. Our case-report highlighted the value of thoracic ultrasound in the intensive care unit, which facilitates the performance of minimally traumatic procedures in the emergency department. This tool allows to postpone a procedure of bleeding risk while promoting good drug management.

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Background: Clonidine stimulates the α2 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system which have a negative presynaptic feedback effect inducing a reduction in the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of clonidine on the hemodynamic response to surgical incision. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, single-blind clinical trial that took place over a period of 4 months in the anesthesia department of the Essos hospital center in Yaoundé. All patients over the age of 18, ASA I or II, admitted for scheduled surgery were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots: group A (clonidine) and group B (non-clonidine). All patients in group A received clonidine IV (3μg/kg). Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were observed at different times during the surgical procedure. Results: During the study period, 35 met the inclusion criteria: 20 patients for group A and 15 patients for group B. The average age was 34 years. The sex ratio was in favor of the male gender in both groups: 2.3 in group A and 2.7 in group B. ASA class 1 was the most represented (74.3%); visceral surgery most performed of all specialties in the two groups 55% (n=11) for group A and 53% (n=8) for group B. The systolic and diastolic arterial pressure curves are parallel in the two groups. There is a slight variation in PAS and PAD in group A "clonidine" compared to the baseline values. A tendency towards systolic arterial hypertension is observed in the “non-clonidine” control group. The heart rate remains stable in group A, while tachycardia is observed at the same time for the participants in group B. Conclusion: Clonidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist which makes it possible to limit the hypersecretion of catecholamines, potentially deleterious for the fragile patient, at the surgical incision.

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Plateau pressure and peak airway pressure are directly related to the poor outcome of ventilator supported patients. Monitoring of these parameters helps clinicians in early identification of impending mortality and initiation of measures to prevent the same. This is a retrospective study in which 100 patients who were on ventilator support for >24 hours and died there after were studied. Here patient’s ventilatory parameters like plateau pressure and peak airway pressure were collected at base line, 1 hour, 30 min, 15 min, 5 min prior to cardiac arrest. Other ventilatory parameters like tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were also collected. In all the studied patients plateau pressure and peak airway pressure at 1hour, 30min, 15min, and 5min prior to cardiac arrest were high compared to base line values. These values were statistically significant as ‘P’ value was < 0.05. We conclude that a continuous, sustained rise in plateau and peak airway pressure above the baseline is useful in predicting mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.

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Crop enhancement programs mostly depends on the genetic variability and the heritability of desirable traits for a successful breeding program. The degree and type of genetic variability aid the breeder in deciding the selection benchmarks and breeding schemes to be used for improvement purposes. This research was carried out at the Nasarawa State University, Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research Farm, to study the inter-relationships among ten (10) designated traits of cowpea comprising, plant height, Plant weight, number leaves per plant, number of branches, no. of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of root noodles, weight of biomass, weight of pod, and 100-seed weight. Results from this study indicated the significance among the studied traits. The study indicates the magnitude of correlation coefficient among the studied traits. The positive correlation among most of the traits indicates the presence of strong relationship among them due to preponderance of genetic variance and genetic factors in the expression of traits. The result of grain yield showed high significant and positive correlation with plant weight, no of leave per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight biomass, seeds weight, and plant height which indicates that the traits are important in the improvement of cowpea yield through direct selection.

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Background: Any anaesthetic procedure, either regional or general, has some potential for complications. For this reason, careful preoperative assessment and adequate planning of appropriate anesthetic are the cornerstones in safe pediatric anesthetic practice. But in Bangladesh, we have very limited research-based information regarding the complication of anaesthesia in children. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the complications of anesthesia in children. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. The study was conducted in Department of Aneaesthesia, ICU & Pain Medicine, Shaheed Suharawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In total 62 children, aged between 1 day and 15 years prepared for anesthesia associated surgery were selected as the study subjects. The incidence of intra-operative as well as post- anesthesia recovery room complications was recorded and analyzed. Data were analyzed and by using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0 program as per necessity. Results: In this study, in analyzing the complications among the participants we observed that, bronchospam and bradycardia and hypotension were the most common intraoperative complications which were found in 11%, 10% and 8% cases respectively. On the other hand, tachycardia, prolonged unconsciousness and hypoventilation were found as the most common postoperative complications among the participants which were found in 19%, 10% and 8% cases respectively. Besides those complications some cases with restlessness, respiratory arrest, pain, shivering, hypertension, hemorrhage and laryngospasm were found in both the periods. Conclusion: Anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality can be minimized with early identification and prompt management of any complication. In this current study we observed that, preterm infants are major prone to develop respiratory complications because of using anesthesia.