ABSTRACT
Saltpeter has been traditionally used as a curing agent for meat in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. It creates a good red color for meat; however, it has carcinogen potency. Angkak (red yeast rice) may be able to replace the coloring role of saltpeter it can reduce the cholesterol of meat. This research has been designed to evaluate the effect of reducing saltpeter in combination with different concentrations of angkak on total cholesterol, nitrite content, color, and organoleptic of traditional smoked beef “Se’i”. The research has been designed using Simple Randomized Design with a 3x3 factorial pattern, i.e. Three levels of angkak (2%, 2.5%, and 3%) and saltpeter levels (100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm). For control, a combination of 500 ppm saltpeter was only applied to Se’i. All treatments were replicated 4 times. The results show no interaction effect of treatments on total cholesterol, nitrite, Hunter value of L*, a* and b* of Se’i. Total cholesterol and lightness (L*) values of combination-treated se’i were lower than the control. The optimal values of L* (lightness) and a* (red or positive) were obtained at se’i with 200 ppm saltpeter and 2.5% angkak combination with good taste and low nitrite level (<0.25 ppm); while angkak note is still noticeable. Therefore, it is recommended to use this combination to reduce the use of saltpeter in se’i.

ABSTRACT
Gnetum africanum is one of the most consumed NTFPs in Brazzaville. These leaves are rich in water (51.37%). The titratable acidity is 0.78%. The lipid, protein, carbohydrate and fiber contents are respectively: 7.34%, 16.61%, 17.95% and 36.70%. The ash content is 6.73%. Among the ions identified, we have: Iron: 0.014%, Calcium: 0.96%, Magnesium: 0.44% and Phosphorus 0.25%. The calculated energy value gives 204.28 Kcal/ 100g. The leaves of G. africanum studied are a good source of dietary fiber and minerals.

ABSTRACT
Physical growth in infants and toddlers is often used as an indicator in measuring nutritional status. Parents and caregivers are very influential in the nutritional state of children. Children under five who have abnormal nutritional status have immune systems that can weaken, so they are susceptible to infectious diseases such as diarrhea and fever, and can also experience anemia. This research was conducted at the Oesapa Health Center. This research is analytic observational research design with a cross sectional approach. The number of respondents is 93 people taken using the technique simple random sampling. Retrieval of data using a questionnaire. From the results of statistical tests using Chi Square, it was found that there was a relationship between a history of chronic infection and the anthropometric index of TB/U toddler aged 0-59 months (p=0.021) and there was a relationship between a history of chronic infection and the anthropometric index of BB/TB toddler 0-59 month (0.001). The interventions carried out are providing education, counseling or leaflets to pregnant women, mothers who have babies under five regarding the problem of stunting and wasting, fostering Posyandu cadres to provide counseling on stunting, wasting, nutritional knowledge, maternal parenting and environmental hygiene and height measurement bodies routinely at posyandu activities every month to monitor the nutritional status of children at height/age on a regular basis.

ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting in the infant can caused by a history of exclusive breastfeeding and report of anemia during pregnancy and can also affect growth in the first 1000 days of life. Research Objective: Research objective was to identify the relationship between the mother's history of anemia during pregnancy on the antenatal care examination and the history of exclusive breastfeeding given to infants aged 6-12 months with stunting in Kuanheun Village and Bolok Village. Method: The method is Cross-sectional. This research was assess in august-September 2022. The total number of respondents was 39 people. The inclusion criteria used; like to become research respondents, respondents who had toddlers aged 6-12 months in Kuanheun Village and Bolok Village, and respondents who brought Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books of the study subject. The data type used was the history of Antenatal Care (ANC) in the mother's MCH book and anthropometric measurements on the infant. Results: Spearman's rho test there was no significant association between the history of ANC K4 anemia and the incidence of stunting in infants 6-12 months p = 0.7 >0,05 and there was no significant association between the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in infants 6-12 months p = 0.1 >0,05. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the report of anemia in ANC K4 and the history of exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-12 months in Kuanheun Village and Bolok Village.

ABSTRACT
Food and nutritional security is a major and topical concern in the world.This study aims to present the food practices of children in precarious neighborhoods of Port-Bouët. The methodology was based on (1) surveys of 400 children (7 to 12 years old), (2) interviews with managers of the health centers of Gonzaqueville, Vridi Canal and Port-Bouët center, (3) the determination of the quantities of the most consumed meals with a scale, (4) calculations of the BMI of children associated with the weight growth curve according to their sex and (5) documentary research to know the chemical compositions of foods. The majority of children eat their meals at home. The structure of children's meals consists of a main course plus water. The most consumed dish is rice with a sauce and little fish (or meat) and attiéké accompanied by fried fish. Meals consumed by children are high in carbohydrates and contain little protein. They eat four times a day and the meal quantities are small. Most of the children are thin and suffer from anemia. Children in the precarious neighborhoods of Port-Bouët have poor dietary and nutritional practices that negatively influence their health. This category of individuals is the most vulnerable.

ABSTRACT
Microplastic contamination gain recognition in recent years. Microplastic is found within many parts of human tissue and thus provides potential health hazards. Although microplastic pollution ranges across the land, air, and water ecosystem, this review only exposes the existence of microplastic within the marine environment, which includes the marine territories of Kupang City, Indonesia, and its proximity. In this review, we assess any scientific literature related to microplastic issues in Kupang City. The purpose of this review article is to analyze and combine the results from the researchers who discuss the existence of microplastics and the characteristics of the microplastics studied in Kupang City. In order to achieve a comprehensive explanation, each aspect of expertise in previous research will be carried within a human health point of view. As a result, seven papers published in 2019 to 2022 referring to microplastic problems in Kupang City were found, proposing the presence of filament-shaped and black microplastics in almost all related studies.

ABSTRACT
The present study involved the biochemical characterization of four leafy vegetables (Basella alba. Hibiscus sabdariffa. Solanum macrocarpon and Lagenaria siceraria) selected and collected from two markets (Texaco and Thomas Sankara) and two market gardening sites (Jardins Talangaï and Nkombo) in the northern part of the city of Brazzaville, in Congo. The water content and pH of the selected leafy vegetables in the four sites were determined from the fresh material, while their protein, lipid, ash and mineral contents were established from the dry material using standard methods. The results reveal that the studied leafy vegetables have a very high-water content ranging from 84.49±0.36-94.63±0.68%, a pH ranging from 2.7±0.6 to 7.3±0.6, a lipid content ranging from 2.09±0.74 to 5.02±0.42%, a protein content within the range of 14.87±0.81% and 35.81±1.85%, and an ash content varying between 6.86±0.53 and 41.59±1.62%. Furthermore, these results show a high content of mineral elements, with values ranging from 3.94±0.95 to 83.57±3.7mg/100g, 920.01±0.45 to 4677.99±2.24mg/100, 101.25±1.02 to 372.80±1.56mg/100g, and 192.28±1.73 to 1452.57±4.71 mg/100g, respectively for iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. In accordance to these results the studied leafy vegetables available and accessible, are rich sources of protein and micronutrients. Thus, their consumption in sufficient quantities could contribute to the improvement of nutritional status and an adequate protection against malnutrition-related diseases.