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The first function of obstacle avoidance robots is to detect the presence of obstacles. When you power on the system with the help of the ON/OFF switch, the Arduino microcontroller will read the data. When the ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of an obstacle in the process of moving forward, the robot will move backward. If the robot does not sense any obstacle, that is, if the distance between an obstacle and it is wide, it will then move forward again until it senses an obstacle before it stops. Two LEDs are used in the research, one indicating the robot is moving forward and the other showing if the robot is moving backward. The third LED shows if the battery is fully charged. C programming is used for Arduino board applications to develop the program for the whole system's operation. There is also a power source unit that is used to charge the batteries used in the system.

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Hepatitis B virus has been a major concern to the world as it has been a killer infection for many years. It is an infection that has adverse effects on the human liver causing cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In many countries, many persons had been infected in the past with this deadly disease, and it resulted in many deaths. This has been so, due to the high cost and time required to undergo laboratory checks and consult a medical doctor. Not so many people could afford the medical bills required for early detection of the virus. The researchers seek to curb the challenge with the development of an Expert System for Medical Predictions of Hepatitis B. The software is meant to accurately predict if a patient has hepatitis B or not, the extent of the infection if any, and also suggest treatment. This is to enable for early detection and treatment of infected patients. This reduces the cost and time required to get treatment for hepatitis B. The methodology adopted for the analysis of this work is Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and Unified Modeling Language (UML). The program is written using JavaScript alongside HTML5 (Hyper Text Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and bootstrap framework. The database is implemented using MySQL and the program is implemented using PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor). From the results, the Expert system has accurately diagnosed if a patient has chronic or acute hepatitis B and also prescribed suitable treatment.

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Due to their many purposes and functions for mankind, oils from fruits and seeds are given a lot of importance today. As a result, there is a higher demand for cashew, avocado, and bush pear oils. The Soxhlet extractor and petroleum ether as the extracting solvent are used in this work to extract and characterize the oils from the seeds of Cashew, Avocado, and Bush pear. Physical and chemical studies of the extracted oil were performed alongside with the identification of any trace metals. The findings assessed the yield, color, relative density, refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and saponification value free fatty acid for Bush pear, Avocado pear, and Cashew seeds. The yield (%) of the oil produced from the various seeds of cashew, avocado, and bush pear oils is of specific significance. This finding reveals highest oil yield of 38.2% in Avocado pear oil, compared to 34.4% and 27.4% oil yield in Bush pear seed, and Cashew seed, respectively. In addition to being edible, Bush pear and Cashew oil's low acid value of 6.4 mg KOH/g and 7.7 mg KOH/g, respectively compared to Avocado oil's low acid value of 14.6 mg KOH/g avocado suggests that Bush pear and Cashew oils finds good applications in the paint industry. The study also showed that potassium had the highest concentration of any metal, with 45.8 mg/100g in avocado oil, compared 24.9 mg/100g and 1.68 mg/100g for Cashew seed oil and Bush pear, respectively. Zinc had the lowest concentration, with a value of 0.38 mg/100g observed in Cashew compared with 1.32 mg/100g and 2.06 mg/100g for Bush pear and Avocado, respectively. Hence, this reveals that Oils extracted from Cashew finds good applications in the production of hydraulic oil with exceptional lubrication properties. The FTIR study shows that functional groups including alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, etc. are present in the seed oils of Bush pear, Avocado pear, and Cashew seeds.

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The Lorentz transformation (LT) is one of the most revered set of relationships in modern physics. Overlooked in this broad assessment are a number of clear inconsistencies in its predictions, however, as will be discussed herein. For example, it makes three predictions which are not consistent with one another: Lorentz-FitzGerald length contraction (FLC), time dilation (TD) and light-speed equality for observers in relative motion to one another. Einstein’s light-speed postulate (LSP) is shown to be unviable by considering a case in which a light source passes by a stationary observer at the same time that it emits a light pulse in the same direction. It is found that, in contradiction to the LSP, that the classical velocity (Galilean) transformation (GVT) is applicable when two observers in relative motion deduce the speed of a light wave from their different perspectives. The LT also stands in violation of the Law of Causality because it fails to recognize that inertial clocks can never change their rate spontaneously; thus its two clocks must always measure elapsed times in the same ratio (Q), contrary to the LT prediction of space-time mixing. The Newton-Voigt transformation (NVT) is consistent with the Law of Causality because it assumes space and time do not mix. It is nonetheless also consistent with the relativistic velocity transformation (RVT) and also with Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation E=mc2. The ratio Q of clock rates for two inertial rest frames S and S’ is required input for the NVT. Experimental data obey the Universal Time-dilation Law (UTDL) which states that the measured time Δt obtained by an inertial clock for a given event is inversely proportional to γ(v)= (1-v2c-2)-0.5, where v is the speed of the clock relative to a specific rest frame referred to as the objective rest frame ORS. The Uniform Scaling method employs Q as a conversion factor between the units of time in the two rest frames. It is found that the conversion factors

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The effects of the inlet gas oil temperature and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio on the catalytic cracking behaviors and the distribution of the product and the yield of the riser outlet main products as unconverted gas oil, gasoline, and coke were investigated on a real industrial FCC Riser reactor with a model LRC-99 catalyst and atmospheric residue derived from Niger’s crude oil of Agadem bloc was used as the feedstock. A four-lumped kinetic mathematical model is developed to predict the feedstock conversion and the product distribution by using the deactivation function coke-on- catalyst approach. The model was validated with a good agreement against real industrial fluidized bed riser reactor plant data from Niger and industrial riser data from literature sources. The results show that the inlet gas oil temperature and catalyst-to-oil weight ratio obviously affect the cracking reactions behavior and govern the reaction rates.

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Pólya thinks the major goal of teaching is to teach students how to ponder. It means that we need not only to give them the knowledge but also to help them improve their ability of using the knowledge and to help them form a good habit of thinking and a good mental state. He also thinks that what the teacher says in class is very important and what is more important is to learn what the students are thinking about. From this standpoint, he presents the three Learning Principles, which is also known as 3 Teaching Principles. These principles are quite practical and are worth practicing and improving in teaching. This article introduces how to use the principles, taking Interpolation Method for example.