ABSTRACT
This pilot study aims to determine the clarity, relevance, understanding and reliability of the Revised Individual Workload Perception Scale with a sample of Omani nurses. The study also explored use of incidence reports to determine if underreporting of errors exists in Omani hospitals. The IWPS-R has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool to measure nurses' perceptions in relation to their workload and work environment in the USA, Europe and Asian countries. IWPS-R has not been used in any Arab country including Oman. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the scale needed to be tested with an Omani sample. This pilot study also assessed the use of incidence reports to identify the number, types and causes of errors in Omani hospitals in anticipation of a subsequent study. This pilot study used a descriptive statistical design and the data were collected using IWPS-R and, incident reports submitted by one hospital unit. The sample included 28 nurses. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the IWPS-R was .708. All but two IWPS-R subscales had coefficients above .50. Most of the nurses reported understanding the items of the IWPS-R. Only six incident reports were submitted by the unit over a 3-month, suggesting underreporting of medical errors.IWPS-R was found to be a valid and moderately reliable instrument when used with a sample of Omani nurses on four of its six subscales. The results supported the use of the IWPS-R in Oman. The small number of incidents reported suggested underreporting of errors, which necessitated major changes in the design of the subsequent larger study.

ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus pandemic is undeniably in the focus of worldwide attention, specific influences on the magnitude of negative psycho-socio-economic outcome. Aim: The study aims to explore the psychosocial effects of lockdown measures among the Sudanese population during the COVID-19 pandemic and the coping strategies used. Methods: A descriptive web-based method was used. The data were collected through the survey questionnaire designed on free Google forms software. A snowball technique was used to recruit the participants from different social media platforms. The data analyzed by (SPSS). Results: A total of 1811 Sudanese citizens were responded from different Sudan states. The findings revealed that the majority 53 % were experiencing fear of the unknown, frustration, and isolation, around 52 % feeling sad and depressed. Majority 64% reported reduced livelihood opportunities. 69% reported that the lockdown could negatively affect students ’academic performance. Some positive effects were identified among respondents including an increase in positive relationships within family members. The most coping strategies used was getting closer to God with prayers, reading the holy Quran. Engagement in physical exercise, follow all necessary instructions to protect themselves and others, 66% spending time on social media, connecting with others. The study indicated a significant association between psychological effects of lockdown on Sudanese people such as age, gender, and occupation. Also, a significant association between age, occupation, and source of income, and the social effect of lockdown. No significant association was found between socio-demographic data and coping strategies. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic had indeed adversely affected the majority of Sudanese respondents in psychological, social, and economic well-being. Different positive coping strategies used to reduce the stress and to adapt to ......

ABSTRACT
Students' learning styles have been the center of several studies. Nevertheless, it remains complex and can be affected by many factors. Nursing students, for instance, are required to learn large quantities of theoretical content in a short time, which necessitates the use of different learning styles during their studies. Learning in health professional programs, such as nursing, requires various ways of teaching and learning. Studying nursing requires the ability to perform a great variety of clinical skills. Exploring the students' learning styles is considered one of the effective approaches for a good learning process. Many studies have explored the issue of learning styles among nursing students; however, there is little known about the learning styles of nursing students in Oman. Therefore, this article explains the importance of exploring the different learning styles among nursing students and it shed-lights on some theoretical models of the learning styles. In addition, it gives a brief description of studies exploring the learning styles in Arab Gulf countries and Oman. As educators, we need to know the students well enough and find out their learning styles preferences to help them succeed in their educational nursing program and eventually their career as professional nurses. Accordingly, this article gives recommendations on improving the learning outcomes among nursing students with different learning styles by using various teaching strategies.

ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is the most common serious mental disorder and patients usually experience the changes in life quality. This study aims to determine the factors related to the life quality of patients with schizophrenia in Pidie Regency Health Center. The study was conducted from July to August, 2020 among 95 patients with schizophrenia living in the comunity. Data processing was carry the results from 95 respondents showed quality of life of schizophrenia respondents has a mean 48.56(SD=7.401), that 36.8% were early and late adulthood, 54.7% were male, 68.4% were single, 51.6% had secondary education, 71.6% were unemployed, 96.8% had low income, 75.8% had low insight, 44.2% received moderate social support and 87.4% were disobedient to taking medication.

ABSTRACT
This study is designed to develop a reliable and appropriate IPE Maternal and Child Health curriculum and modules in IPE learning. To achieve this goal, using a mix-method design with a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), involving 30 participants in faculties, study programs, lecturers, and health students from one of the private universities. In Yogyakarta. Indonesia. The collection of qualitative data used Focus Group Discussions, which were continued with the preparation of the IPE curriculum and modules. The results are quantitatively tested for content and construct validity and expert judgment. The results of this study were 7 themes as the basis for the development of the IPE curriculum and modules, the development of the IPE curriculum with the results of content validity 3.9 and construct validity 3.93. The results of the IPE curriculum and modules received positive support from the leadership and the IPE lecturer team, 20 (67%) of the participants highly recommended the design of the IPE curriculum and modules. The conclusion is that the findings of the maternal and child health curriculum and the IPE module are declared reliable and feasible, and can be further investigated for their application.

ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Stres, anxiety and depression can have adverse effects for the mother and baby. This study aimed to amount of stress, anxiety and depression before and after cesarean in the pregnant women to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Materials and Methods: This study descriptive and cross-sectional on 180 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section was performed in 2018. Samples were selected by convenience sampling from referring women to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Data were collected using a two-part demographic and midwifery questionnaire and Dass 21 stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics. Results: Results indicated that the degree of the overall rate of stress before cesarean was 36.1% and in the post operation stage 13.9% , degree of the overall rate of anxiety before cesarean was 58.9% and in the post operation stage 19.5% and degree of the overall rate of depression before cesarean was 35.5% and in the post operation stage 21.7% respectively Conclusion: According to the results of this study it is recommended recommended to design supportive and preventive programs for pregnant women.

ABSTRACT
Research reveals that bed rest during pregnancy causes several adverse physical and psychosocial effects on pregnant women. This article provides an overview of the evolution of physical inactivity or bed rest, need for bed rest during pregnancy, physical, physiological and psychosocial effects of bed rest during pregnancy, research carried on the side effects of bed rest and nursing implications.