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Abstract: Introduction: Despite many awareness programs conducted by the governments and other agencies, there are certain false beliefs among the general public of India towards transmission, prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This study is aimed to assess the knowledge and beliefs of general public of India on COVID-19. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 20th March and 15th April 2020. A 17-item questionnaire was developed, validated, and used for the study. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among the public using Google forms. Descriptive analysis was performed to represent the study characteristics, Chi-square test for assessing the associations among the study variables, and logistic regression analysis for identifying the factors influencing the beliefs. Results: A total of 462 participants with a mean (SD) age of 30.66 (11.31) years were responded to the questionnaire. It was found that participants had good knowledge on basic aspects of COVID-19. However, considerable fraction of participants was having false beliefs towards transmission of new coronavirus, and prevention & treatment of COVID-19. It was observed that the participants who were aged 31-60 years and >60 years, education level of intermediate or diploma and high school certificate, and occupation as unskilled worker had more of false beliefs towards COVID-19 compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: The overall knowledge on COVID-19 was good enough among the general public of India, still there is need of education to avoid the false beliefs especially among the people who are elderly, having low level of education, and non-professional workers.

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Gandarussa plant (Justicia gendarussa Burm.F.) was a herbal plant that contains chemical compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, essential oils, tannins and steroids. The presence of these chemical compounds can be used as medicinal ingredients, namely headaches, rheumatism and sprains. Justicia gendarussa Burm.F. has long been used as an anti-inflammatory and pharmacologically, this plant has been reported that have antibacterial, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HIV, toxicity, sedative hypnotic and male contraception drugs.

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This study evaluated the effect of the administrations of ethanol extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves and potassium bromate respectively and in combination on serum electrolytes, total protein, lipid profile and haematological parameters in albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: Group A (control) was administered water, group B were administered 200 mg/kg potassium bromate, group C were administered 200 mg/kg P. erinaceus extract and group D were administered a combined dose of 200 mg/kg potassium bromate and 200 mg/kg of P. erinaceus extract, all the administrations were done orally and continued daily for 21 days. It was observed in this study that potassium bromate decreased bicarbonate ion in the serum while the administration of P. erinaceus extract alone and in combination with potassium bromate increased bicarbonate ion in the serum. Rats administered with potassium bromate exhibited slight symptoms of toxicity while the Pterocarpus erinaceus leave extract showed a strong preventive effect against some biomarkers of cardiovascular damage. Groups administered the combined dose of potassium bromate and the extract showed a uniform percentage increase in white blood cell, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume accompanied by a decrease in red blood cells and platelet. The research reaffirmed the negative food safety impact associated with the consumption of potassium bromate, the ameliorative effect of the ethanol extract of P. erinaceus and its potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases.

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Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC) is a drug that is widely used for treatment in various countries such as Indonesia, China, the Philippines and other countries. In Indonesia it has various other names, in West Sumatra it is called Capo leaf and sembung. In China it is better known as ainiaxing. Sembung is used as an ancient medical medicine. It has many uses, namely for antioxidants, for wound healing, antibacterial, anti-malarial, as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Antioxidants are inhibitors in the oxidation process so that they can protect cells from the dangers of free radical.

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Aim: The field of urology is not limited to mainstream medicine and pharmaceutical drugs. Today, Naturopathic doctors, researchers, scientists and even some mainstream doctors are researching into natural remedies to help their patients. Phytomedicinal products are used in our daily lives for prostatic health. However, it is not without controversies. Obviously, controversy about phytomedicinal efficacy continues due to product inconsistency, different trial designs, placebo effects and other factors that make it difficult to assess reasonable trials of different products. This current paper discusses the anecdotal evidences and safety of the development of FDA certified Men’s Formula as phytomedicine for prostate health and immune booster for men with advanced prostate conditions.Method: In the first stage, Six(6) samples of Men’s Formula Tea were sent to the department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacognosy to assess the microbial loads and phytochemical and physiochemical analysis at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ashanti region, Ghana. In the second stage, The Product, Men’s Formula Tea produced by RNG Medicine Research Lab, Ghana, West Africa was given to 100 men for either their prostate problem or to boost their sex life. The patients, distributors or the individual who purchased the product to their loved ones further called or WhatsApp their experiences on the products to the author of this paper. Result: out of the 100 Men who used Men’s Formula for their prostate health, 99 reported significant quality of life improvement. They also reported drastic changes in their sexual life. The author also noticed divergent views on health improvements in the patients. One been blood pressure stabilization in dialysis patient for over four years. Conclusion: Anecdotal evidence from patients revealed significant impact of Men’s Formula on their prostate and sexual life. Various mechanism of actions were also discovered which could be

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Aim: Women’s health is paramount, yet, is one area under-researched and explored in phytomedicinal industry in Africa. Phyto-gynecology is under-researched and explored in the Ghanaian Traditional Medicine Industry. This paper discusses the development of phytomedicinal product; Women’s formula, approved by the FDA in Ghana for gynecological health. Method: The Product, Women’s Formula Tea produced by RNG Medicine Research Lab, Ghana, West Africa was given to 200 women aged 20-60years for wellness. The patients, distributors or the individual who purchased the product to their loved ones further called or WhatsApp their experiences on the products to the author of this paper. Result: out of the 200 Women who used Women’s Formula for their wellness, 50 reported that, the product had significant impact on sound sleep, 30 also reported urinary health support, 50 further reported increased in their libido, 50 reported improvement on their menstrual health and 20 reported better menopausal symptom management. Conclusion: Each individual has her own opinion on the product and no conclusive specific condition product targets. The product exhibits different mechanism of action in different individual

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Aim: Hibiscus Sabdariffa Tea has received media publicity in recent times due to its ability to reduce blood pressure. The plant has been extensively researched as an alternative to help control high blood pressure, but yet, not much research had been conducted in Ghana on its antihypertensive properties. The objective of this study was to examine the antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa (hibiscus tea) with the brand name Nyarkotey Tea approved by the FDA in Ghana for cardiovascular Health and general wellbeing. Method: An observational study was conducted in one male hypertensive patient aged 33years with systolic pressure 180mmHg and diastolic pressure 120mmHg but not taking any pharmaceutical hypertensive drug. He was monitored for a day with the dosage, two tea bags in 500ml water boiled for 5 minutes three times. Result: After the third dosage, His blood pressure reading was monitored in the evening. His systolic pressure fell to 150mmHg and diastolic reading also fell to 100mmHg. His systolic pressure had 30 point reduction whilst his diastolic pressure had 20point reduction. Conclusion: This is the first observational study in Ghana to suggest daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in a concentrated bioenergized form, lowers blood pressure level and may prove an effective component in cardiovascular health management.