ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic acidosis is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that accelerates disease progression and worsens overall health outcomes. Objective: This study compares the safety and effectiveness of sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate in treating metabolic acidosis in CKD patients to determine the optimal therapeutic approach. Method: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2023 to September 2024. A total of 132 CKD patients with metabolic acidosis were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (66 patients) received sodium citrate, and Group B (66 patients) received sodium bicarbonate. Safety, efficacy, and acid-base balance were monitored over 12 months. Results: Both sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate significantly improved serum bicarbonate levels and reduced blood acidity. In Group A, 85% of patients showed a 50% reduction in acidemia, compared to 78% in Group B. However, Group A demonstrated superior gastrointestinal tolerance (10% side effects) compared to Group B (25% side effects). Sodium citrate also improved bone health markers, with a 15% improvement in calcium levels, while sodium bicarbonate patients had a 10% increase. However, sodium bicarbonate was more cost-effective. Conclusions: Sodium citrate appears to be more effective and better tolerated than sodium bicarbonate in treating metabolic acidosis in CKD patients, though cost considerations may influence therapeutic choices.

ABSTRACT
Chemical poisoning is a threat to the health of both children and adults in the Niger Delta region. Nevertheless, the study of the prevalence of poisoning has been undermined in Bayelsa state. Chemical poisoning remains an important health concern in Nigeria, especially in the south-south Niger Delta states which are rich in natural fuel. Information on the prevalence in the Niger Delta region is quite scarce, especially in Bayelsa state. The study investigated the risk factors, awareness, and perception of chemical poisoning, and the prevalence among residents of Amassoma and Yenagoa. A descriptive research employed systematic random sampling of 400 residents from Amassoma and Yenagoa from ages 15 years and above, by administering questionnaires and, collecting data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software utilizing ANOVA. The percentage of awareness of chemical poisoning is 28.4% and the majority of the respondents are educated at the tertiary level with a percentage of 51.5%. The female gender was more with a percentage of 51.0%. Among the signs and symptoms of chemical poisoning, nausea or stomach upset has a percentage of 74.6% being the highest percentage, and stomach cramps have a percentage of 72.9% while having a percentage of 56.7%. About 95.5% of respondents concurred to contacting qualified healthcare providers when poisoning is suspected and 93.8% agreed to keep all chemicals out of reach of children as a preventive measure. It can be concluded that the overall prevalence of chemical poisoning is quite low though used intentionally in young adults for suicide. It can also be said that there is proper awareness of the preventive measures for unintentional poisoning.

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the normal hematological values and those of some biochemical parameters of the students of the city of Gagnoa (Côte d’Ivoire). Design et Methods: The study was conducted in 184 adolescents (94 girls and 90 boys), aged 11 to 18 years old, recruited in moderne high schools of Gagnoa. The hematological values were determined using an automatic analyzer (Sysmex XP3000, France). The concentrations of biochemical parameters (albumin, protein total, cholesterol total, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium, chloride, potassium and sodium) were determined by spectrophotometer (KENZA MAX BioChemis Try, France) on the venous blood samples were taken from the fold of the elbow with an empty stomach. The results were treated with the statistical analysis software XLSTAT-PRO 7.1. 2018. Results: The median values of red blood cells were 4.5,106/µL (girls) and 4.9,106/µL (boys). The median values of hemoglobin in girls was 12.3 g/dL and among boys was 13 g/dL. The median values of hematocrit girls was 35.9 % and boys was 38 %. The median values MCV were 79.3 fL (girls) and 77 fL (boys). The median values of MCH were 27.6 pg/cell among girls and 26.9 pg/cell among boys. The median values of MCHC girls 34.5 g/dL and boys 34.8 g/dL. The médians values of white blood cells were 6.1.103/µL among girls and 5.8.103/µL among boys. The median values of granulocyte were 2.2,103/µL among girls and 2.4, 103/µL among bboys. The median values of lymphocytes among girls and boys were the same (3,103/µL). The median values of monocyte were 0.7, 103/µL among girls and 0.6 103/µL in boys. The median values of platelet among girls and boys were equal to 247,103/µL and 242,103/µL. The median valeues of protein total among girls and boys were 68 g/L and 69 g/L. The median values of albumin were respectively 47 g/L and 45.7 g/L among girls and boys. The median values of cholesterol total in girls and boys were the same (1.3 g/L). The median values .....

ABSTRACT
Consciousness of facial care among all age groups has become a global demand. In this scenario Toner becomes a game-changer adding formula to remove impurities, prepares the skin for next skincare steps, balances the pH levels, and restores moisture which is essential for maintaining a healthy and vibrant complexion. As our face harbours a diverse microflora regularly, such products should be tested for their antimicrobial efficacies to establish a scientific bridge. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of some popular toners against face isolates. For this study, bacteria were isolated from the face of ten persons and identified partially through cultural, microscopic and biochemical observations. Also the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of those face microflora was studied against different antibiotics. The isolates were resistant towards Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin and Cefixime, however they were found sensitive towards Kanamycin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Azithromycin. For the key work nine numbers of most accepted toners were selected to check their antimicrobial activities against those isolates. Biotique toner showed excellent antimicrobial activity against all the isolates. Hence it is recommended to add toners to every day practices to prevail over microbial accumulation on face leading to various discomforts.

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the extract of Nymphaea alba petals, and if antibacterial activities are present then the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract is determined. Currently multidrug resistant bacteria are a major concern for clinicians as most conventional antibiotics do not work against MDR strains and infections with MDR strains are increasing day by day, with many resulting in death. This study focused mainly on the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract. Our study showed that the crude extract is significantly effective against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value <0.78 mg/ml. This confirms the effectiveness of this extract against MDR bacteria.

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health concern under the present clinical scenario due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both medical and agricultural sectors. Passiflora foetida, commonly known as wild maracuja or stinking passion flower belongs to the Passifloraceae family and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and America. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential antimicrobial efficacy of Passiflora foetida leaf extract against both MDR bacteria and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains for possible combating microbial infections in the future. The MIC value of Passiflora foetida extract varied between 5-10 mg/ml in different ATCC and MDR bacteria studied in this experiment. Passiflora foetida is also well known in traditional medicine indicating a degree of safety and efficacy, although modern scientific validation is necessary to support its therapeutic applications. Future research should focus on identifying the specific bioactive agent responsible for its antimicrobial effects, optimizing extraction methods to maximize bioavailability, and evaluating its safety and efficacy in animal models and clinical trials. Understanding the antimicrobial properties of Passiflora foetida is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies against antibiotic-resistant infections. By harnessing the natural antimicrobial potential of this plant, researchers may uncover new treatment options to combat AMR and improve patient outcomes. The findings of this study indicated its possible use as a topical application at present till further study with refined extract may reveal its application in vivo in different diseases with MDR microorganisms.

ABSTRACT
Hyperlipidemia is implicated in many disease states, including arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and stroke amongst other illnesses. The present study describes the hypolipidemic and testicular cytoarchitecture protective effects of hydromethanol leaf extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi using male Wistar rats as models. 64 male Wistar rats were acclimatized and subsequently randomly divided into 8 groups of 8 rats each. Diabetes was induced in all rat groups except Groups 1 and 8 using alloxan at a dose of 200mg/kg bw administered intraperitonially. Diabetes was confirmed after 72 hours of alloxan administration if the blood glucose level is ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200mg/dl) and were daily treated with different concentrations of extract and phytosterol only for 28 days. Expectedly, significantly higher values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, low values of high-density lipoprotein and significant reduction in the population of epithelial germ cells and normal matured spermatozoa in the testes were observed amongst group 2 (Untreated Diabetes) rats administered 200mg/kg bw of alloxan, compared to group 1 (Control) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible hyperlipidemic and harmful testicular effects of alloxan in male Wistar rats. By corollary, extract administration significantly lowered values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, increased values of high-density lipoproteins and reversed the reduction in germ cells and matured spermatozoa population amongst Groups 4 and 5 rats administered 500mg/kg bw and 750mg/kg bw of the extract of Craterispermum schweinfurthi compared to Group 2 (Untreated Diabetes) rats (p<0.05). Suggesting a possible reversal and protective effects of the extract. Craterispermum schweinfurthi extract administration lowered total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, increased serum high density lipoprotein concentration and promoted germinal epithelial cells ...