ABSTRACT
Primarily, sleep allows the brain to recover and regenerate. In view of this, central nervous system disorders are the most common effects that result from sleep loss or prolonged periods of wakefulness since the system most benefits from sleep. Therefore, this increases the risk of schizoaffective disorders such as mania and bipolar disorder. This research was therefore designed to investigate the possible anti-manic and anxiolytic effect of minocycline in mice exposed to sleep deprivation. Twenty-four mice were grouped into four of six animals each (n=6) and orally treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water, 25 or 50 mg/kg minocycline. Treatment was scheduled for 7 days and three out of the four groups were subjected to the sleep deprivation protocol which lasted for 3 days. Afterwards, all groups were subjected to behavioural tests to evaluate anxiety-like behaviour. Subsequently, histology of selected brain regions was carried out. Experimental data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with statistical significance of p<0.05. The results obtained suggested that minocycline ameliorated the manic-like behaviour in mice caused by sleep deprivation. This study therefore concluded that minocycline can be classified as an anxiolytic and anti-manic agent in mice exposed to sleep-deprivation.

ABSTRACT
Activated carbon is a widely used industrial adsorbent mainly composed of carbonaceous material with relatively high surface area and porous structure. This attributes allows it to preferentially adsorb organic materials and other non-polar compounds from a gas or liquid stream resulting to its significant application in many industrial processes. This study investigates the adsorption efficiency of acidic treated activated carbon and its untreated activated carbon on the adsorption of lead (Pb) and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The activated carbon was prepared from palm kernel shell as the precursor and was characterized based on its porosity having value of 0.18, iodine number of 440.95 mg/g, surface area of 433.65 m2/g and surface acidity value of 0.20 mmol H+/g. The palm kernel shell activated carbon was subjected to various treatment conditions of (40oC, 60oC, 80oC) temperatures, (30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours) treatment time and (1 M, 2 M, 3 M) concentrations of HNO3.The most suitable condition for the acidic treatment was determined by subjecting each of the treated activated carbon to surface acidity analysis. The highest surface acidity value of 2.55 mmol H+/g was obtained at treatment condition of 80oC, 2 hours and using 3 M concentration of the acid while the lowest value of 0.65 mmol H+/g was obtained at 40oC, 2 hours and 1 M concentration. Effect of the surface acidic treatment of the adsorbent on adsorption was investigated by comparing the adsorption capacity of the highly treated adsorbent with the untreated adsorbent for the adsorption of lead and 2,4-DCP. It was revealed that the treated adsorbent is better for the adsorption of lead while the untreated adsorbent is better for the adsorption of 2,4-DCP.

ABSTRACT
With recent research in novel drug delivery formulations to provide stable and economical drug delivery systems, the pivot is on hydrogel which are known to minimize the problems of not only conventional dosage forms but also of novel drug delivery systems. Hydrogel is a biocompatible, convenient and stable drug delivery system for molecules as small as NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or as large as proteins and peptides. Healing of wounds begins from the moment of injury and can be extended for varying periods of time depending on the degree of wounding and the process of wound healing can be broadly classified into three stages; inflammatory phase, proliferate phase, and finally the remodeling phase which finally governed the strength and appearance of the healed tissues. Research had been recognized flavonoids to be an exceptional class of therapeutic molecules due to their versatile therapeutic potential. Rutin, class of flavonoid (vitamin P) has been explored for a numeral of pharmacological effects. In the present work attempted was made to determine the efficacy of rutin in hydrogel drug delivery system for the evaluation of wound healing activity. The drug content of the formulation H2 (0.025%w/w) was less than H3 (0.030%w/w), therefore H2 formulation was considered as best formulation.

ABSTRACT
Background: Self-medication and non-compliance with good dispensing practices cause a real public health problem. This study aims to evaluate the dispensation of analgesics in the private offices of the commune II of the district of Bamako. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in seventeen private pharmacies of the commune II of Bamako. It consisted of collecting data on the dispensing of analgesics with or without a medical prescription over October 2020 to March 2021. Results: 302 clients were included in this study. 18 to 35 age group was the most represented with 47.68%. The most represented occupation was merchants with 25.16%. More than 64% of clients came forward with a medical prescription and 35.43% for self-medication. Headaches were the primary motivation for the purchase of analgesics with 33.77% of demands. In monotherapy, paracetamol was the most dispensed molecule with 20.2% followed by tramadol with 18.87% among which 4.97% was dispensed for self-medication and 13.91% by prescription. Fixed combination Paracetamol/Codeine was the most dispensed by prescription with 16.56% and 9.93% for self-medication. 1.32% of the fixed combination Paracetamol/Tramadol was demanded for self-medication and 7.62% by prescription. We observed a hight non-compliance with the rules of dispensing analgesics from List I with 32.02% by self-medication. Conclusion: The main molecules solicited with or without prescription were paracetamol/codeine, paracetamol and tramadol. There is also a high over-the-counter dispensing of list I analgesics.

ABSTRACT
Nature has been a basis of medicinal agents for past era and an remarkable number of current drug have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. Plants from the genus Coleus have been used in conventional medicine by many cultures. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and volatile constituents have been reported as the major phyto-constituents of the Coleus aromaticus. In the present work an attempt had been made for assess the pharmacognostic parameters, total flavonoid content along with chromatographic fingerprinting of aqueous extract of C.aromaticus via TLC and HPLC analysis. The results revealed the presence of rosmaranic acid and chlorogenic acid present in the aqueous extract of the C.aromaticus.

ABSTRACT
Myocardial infarction and related cardiovascular complications are the main causes of deaths throughout the world. The use of herbal antioxidants is increasing as defensive agents against number of cardiovascular abnormalities. The bioactive agents from natural sources have gained fundamental importance in modern system of medicines, reducing the risks of cardiac ailments by scavenging the free radicals formation. Phoenix dactylifera L. is a fruit bearing tree with a lot of prospects. Its fruits, and seeds otherwise known as pit and by products are made up of nutritional and medicinal potentials. The ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit was studied for the cardio protective and antioxidant activity against Isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in wistar albino rats. Phoenix dactylifera showed significant cardio protective effect by reversing the cardio biomarkers (CK-MB, LDH) and oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH, GPX, CAT, LPO) induced by Isoproterenol. The findings of cardio biomarkers from serum and oxidative stress markers from myocardial tissue in the present work are comparable with the reference control Vitamin E. The results conclude that ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera showed cardio protective activity and the effect may be mediated by its antioxidant potential.

ABSTRACT
Abscess is a localised collection of pus contained with a cavity and it is widely affected skin, anal area, tooth pulp etc. It cause swallowing, pain ,fever, the main cause of abscess is incision ,bacterial infection ,wounds and it can be diagnosed by CT scan, MRI, X-ray and radioisotopes scaning. It can be treated by using some antibiotic ,surgery but most promising treatment is homeopathic treatment because this treatment is fully cure the disease and it decreased chance of reoccurrence but it has contain a longer time.