ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the impact of modernism on peace mechanisms in Cameroon, exploring how modernisation processes have shaped the country’s peace landscape. Using a historical research approach with the consortium of primary and secondary sources, including archival documents, oral histories, and scholarly literature, the study analyses the evolution of peace mechanisms in Cameroon from the pre-colonial period to the present day. The research reveals that modernism has had a profound impact on traditional peacebuilding mechanisms, often undermining their effectiveness and creating new conflicts. The study also highlights the challenges and limitations of modern peacebuilding mechanisms in Cameroon, including the failure to address underlying causes of conflict and the neglect of traditional peacebuilding practices. This chapter thus concludes by recommending a balanced approach to peacebuilding in Cameroon, one that combines the strengths of traditional and modern peacebuilding mechanisms.

ABSTRACT
Under the background of the integration of culture and tourism, the development of intangible cultural heritage archives resources has become an important measure to inherit local culture and promote local economic development. Anyang, as one of the eight ancient capitals in China, is rich in intangible cultural heritage resources, but the development of its intangible cultural heritage archives resources still faces many challenges. By analyzing the present situation of intangible cultural heritage archives resources in Anyang City and combining with the development trend of cultural and tourism integration, this paper puts forward a series of targeted development strategies, aiming at promoting the effective protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage archives resources in Anyang City and promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism.

ABSTRACT
Traditional lead discovery has relied on quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) and physics-based screening, but exhaustively searching chemical space is infeasible. Modern workflows therefore employ deep learning to learn predictive structure–property mappings. Graph neural networks (GNNs) and transformer models have become widely adopted for molecular property prediction and design, as they natively operate on graph-structured or sequential chemical representations. Variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks and related architectures embed molecules in continuous latent spaces, enabling inverse QSAR: one can sample or optimize structures to match target bioactivity and physicochemical criteria. These generative models can propose entirely new scaffolds with desired attributes, effectively ‘designing’ candidate leads beyond known libraries. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain. Data sparsity and bias limit model robustness, and many molecular properties (e.g. ADMET endpoints) are measured on limited datasets. Interpretability is limited – deep models often act as black boxes, motivating development of explainable AI techniques. Ensuring scalability to ultra-large libraries and embedding chemical constraints (synthetic feasibility, drug-likeness) is nontrivial. Moreover, lead optimization is inherently multi-objective: models must balance potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics, requiring complex trade-offs during design. Looking ahead, emerging strategies promise to address these gaps. Self-supervised pretraining on massive unlabelled chemical corpora is improving feature learning, while explainable AI methods aim to highlight key substructures driving predictions. Early quantum-enhanced machine learning frameworks show promise for accelerating optimization and generation of candidates. Multimodal models that integrate chemical structure with biological assays and omics data may yield richer lead profiles. Federated

ABSTRACT
This sociological study analyses the normative regimes and heterogeneous logics of action mobilised by carers and patients in the management of dengue fever at Bingerville General Hospital. It examines power relationships, social imaginations and medical devices in a context of biocrisis. Based on a methodological triangulation (interviews, participant observation, documentary analysis), the study highlights dissonances between biomedical norms and lay knowledge. These discrepancies compromise the co-production of care. The analysis thus calls for therapeutic protocols to be reconfigured to incorporate local rationalities, with a view to more reflexive, situated and intersubjectively negotiated health governance.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Vocational High School revitalization policy in forming industrial class 4.0 and identify factors that support and hinder the program's implementation. The research was conducted at Donomulyo Islamic Vocational School, Malang Regency. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive qualitative methods. The results found that Donomulyo Islamic Vocational School has implemented the revitalization policy of vocational school well, primarily through the industrial class program that divides learning into theory and practice sessions. Through the Ministry of Education and Culture, the central government supports implementing this policy with coordination, socialization, and monitoring through Takola technology. However, there are challenges in student readiness, low discipline, and difficulty adapting to industrial work patterns. Supporting factors for implementing this policy include the memorandum of understanding with the industry, the industrial internship program, and financial and facility support. The main obstacles include limited industry human resources, low coordination, lack of funding, and limited facilities and infrastructure. Therefore, the synergy between schools and industries, increased funding, and curriculum flexibility are needed to revitalize vocational schools more optimized by industry needs. This research is expected to contribute to Donomulyo Islamic Vocational School in improving the effectiveness of vocational revitalization policies through expanding industrial internship cooperation, increasing the professionalism of policy actors, and systematic policy evaluation. In addition, strengthening community involvement through participatory mechanisms is needed to ensure transparency and optimization of policy implementation by industry and public needs.

ABSTRACT
The Vietnamese diaspora in Africa and the Middle East is a lesser known yet significant aspect of global migration patterns. This paper explores the historical migration of the Vietnamese community to these regions, driven by factors such as labor contracts, political alignments, and economic opportunities. The study examines their cultural integration, economic contributions, and challenges, offering a comprehensive analysis of their historical evolution. By employing a mixed-methods approach, including archival research and interviews, this paper contributes to the literature on global diasporas and South-South migration.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the policy of providing additional, conditional income improvement allowances to improve the performance of civil servants, as well as identify inhibiting and supporting factors for its implementation. The research location was at the Regional Development Planning Agency office in Jayawijaya Regency. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Miles and Huberman analysis techniques based on interview data, observation, and documentation. This study found that implementing the income improvement allowance policy at Bappeda Jayawijaya Regency is relatively effective but still leaves various structural deficiencies. Income improvement allowance improves discipline, productivity, and job satisfaction, with allocations based on position, workload, and discipline, although employee understanding of the assessment mechanism is uneven. Successful implementation is supported by human resource competence, budget adequacy, organizational communication, and electronic attendance systems. In contrast, the main challenges of lack of transparency, limited facilities, weak commitment of implementers, and employee resistance still hamper the effectiveness of the policy. The findings emphasize the need for internal communication reform, strengthening the integrity of implementers, and continuous education on policy substance to ensure more sustainable success. This research is expected to contribute to Bappeda Jayawijaya Regency in strengthening human resources through training and education to improve employees' managerial and communication skills. In addition, ensuring the timely availability of the income improvement allowance budget and implementing strict supervision of employee attendance and performance is important. Providing strict sanctions will also improve discipline and effectiveness of policy implementation.