ABSTRACT
The role of cultural practices and knowledge plays in the transferring and preservation of cultural heritage cannot be over emphasized and there are veritable medium by which cultural heritage are transferred from one generation to the other. However, it has been observed that adults’ participation, preservation and conservation of cultural heritage has not really been effective. As a result of this observation, this study sought toexamine if adult education enhances adults’ participation in the preservation of cultural heritage and values, deduce whether adult education will influence the preservation of the cultural heritage and values of the people of Ondo State and investigate how the missing link of adult education can help adult participation in the preservation of cultural heritage and values specifically in Akoko North West Local Government Area as a case study. Three research questions guided the study. Descriptive research design of the survey type was adopted for the study. The population for this study consists all adults’ indigenes of Ikare, OkeAgbe, Arigidi, Irun and Ogbagi towns in Akoko North West Local Government Area in Ondo State. Sample of hundred and twenty five (125) adults were randomly selected from these towns in the local government for the study. Data collected were analyzed through the use of frequency counts and percentage. The findings revealed that adult education is capable of impacting knowledge and love for cultural heritage that would inspire adults to participate in preservation of their cultural heritage and to pass the knowledge to coming generations. Also, if learners are taught accurately in the right way that will make them fall in love with learning and also make them incur ways of preserving cultural heritage fast and easily they will be interested in learning more and putting in practice what they have learnt. Lastly, adult participation in adult education would open their eyes to the importance of cultural heritage, .....

ABSTRACT
The study of migratory movements allows us to understand the logic of development in Côte d'Ivoire, and indeed in West Africa. Until recently, this country was a host country for a large number of African nationals, with a view to acquiring a higher level of income than in their countries of origin. The use of foreign labour to develop agricultural land has been one of the keys to the Ivorian miracle. This migration policy promoted by the Ivorian authorities has encouraged the massive arrival of African nationals, boosting the country's economic growth. However, this migration policy has had negative consequences on the forest. The importance of the anthropic factor in the degradation of forest areas must be taken into account. The anthropic actions of the populations on the classified forest of Haut-Sassandra induce the degradation of the latter by the presence of numerous camps and vast agricultural plantations. In this article, we will examine the main causes affecting the classified forest of Haut Sassandra. We will discuss the serious danger that the loss of biodiversity represents for the ecological balance of the natural rural environment and the well-being of mankind by taking into account biodiversity in the conduct of human activities. Using a qualitative and quantitative approach, we mobilised documentary research, direct observation, individual interviews and questionnaire administration. The results obtained indicate that the anthropic activity of migrants negatively affects the classified forest of Haut Sassandra. Ultimately, anthropic activities have led to the development and aggravation of deforestation in this area.

ABSTRACT
Flooding is an uncertain phenomenon thus advance warning, evacuation and flood control are effective and sustainable methods of reducing the devastation caused by floods. Raising awareness and preparing the population in general to respond to natural disaster such as floods, should be a crucial task for the mass media. A report by Kenya Red Cross (2012) indicated that 5000 people suffer the effects of floods every year in Nyakach District in Kenya, and the damage is estimated at 49 million. The recurrence of floods seems to be an indicator of dearth of knowledge on the flood risk management in West Nyakach. This study focused on the vernacular radio programmes offered by two Dholuo Radio stations; Radio Ramogi & Radio Lake Victoria, these stations offer a forum for the listeners to call radio station directly and discuss issues related to various risk management. The study was guided by the Uses and Gratification Theory (Blumler and Katz 1974). 150 homesteads, two radio programmes managers and one area chief constituted the sample for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and oral interview. The findings revealed that a majority of the respondents received information on evacuation through Dholuo radio programmes they listened to. The study also established the existence of floods emergency measures and Disaster Committee which help in handling emergencies and also liaises with radio stations during disasters. While examining Dholuo radio stations participation in evacuation process, the study revealed that radio stations under the study participated by relaying information through their programmes.

ABSTRACT
This study argue that mainstreaming as the government’s major approach for promoting gender equity in Cameroon is not put into practice despite sensitization in communications and expressions by international organizations about gender inequality. This could be via socio-cultural factors currently limiting the mechanisms existing in ministries to the extent that they cannot function effectively. Hence the educational gab between females and their male’s counterpart is still wide in many developing countries of which Cameroon is one. There are yet ways in which the implementation of gender mainstreaming might be encouraged. These have been found through a comprehensive analysis of gender mechanisms in one ministry as case study. Thus the justification of gender inequality in higher education distinguished between different aspects of education and should explain those contexts in which women have attained parity as well as those in which they continue to lag behind men. The fact that these exist at all is a facilitating factor for gender mainstreaming. However, the majority of mechanisms are struggling with the dual mandate of mainstreaming, which involves both a focus on improving gender awareness inside ministries, and applying gender analyses to ministerial policies, programmes and budgets. Ethnographic studies with both qualitative and quantitative methods are greatly exploited in this study. Besides focusing on girl’s education ensures economic security, improved living standards and more choices in careers will result to poverty eradication.

ABSTRACT
The end of Kenyatta era in 1978 ushered in the Moi era in Kenyan parlance Nyayo era whose key leader the late President Daniel Arap Moi and his crop of politicians would rule Kenya for the next two decades ending in 2002. One of the enigmatic politicians of the Nyayo era was Moses Budamba Mudavadi; a man whose clout constantly shook the nascent Kenya. Mudavadi`s name appeared in the media frequently from the scandals that entangled him. The controversial directions he gave as the KANU party Kakamega district torch bearer and later on KANU national general secretary made him brush shoulders with his political knockers who faced his wrath that sent them into political oblivion. Daniel Moi made many revere Mudavadi. The power he yielded was of an African king and dubbed “King of Mululu.” Moses Mudavadi in his political prime days appeared the most influential cabinet minister from Western province – the home of the Luyia. This paper therefore, shows the social – political relationship that existed between Moses Mudavadi and Daniel Moi that chattered the way for the Luyia nation in the 1980`s. It thus provides a narration on historiography of Luyia nation within the Kenya context so as to bring forth an understanding of Kenyan political terrain during Nyayo era.

ABSTRACT
This paper is derived from a study that was funded by Kenyatta university Vice-Chancellor's Research Grant. It discusses the activities of organized criminal groups as well as the effects of those activities on security and peace in Nairobi. Nairobi County was chosen for the study because it has the highest number of organized criminal groups in the country. Such groups pose a serious challenge to Kenya Government for it negates the main objective of vision 2030 which is to achieve a secure environment for sustainable social, economic, and political development. The study used oral interviews, participant observation, and document analysis as methods of data collection. Findings of the study revealed that criminal groups were involved in several activities which made the streets, places of work or residence, public transport, and open-air markets unsafe. It was concluded that the Kenya Government must invest more in security so that Nairobi residents can live peacefully and carry out their businesses without fear of being attacked by criminals. From the findings and conclusions of the study, recommendations were made on how the problem of organized criminal groups in Nairobi can be minimized to ensure residents can live in a peaceful and secure county.

ABSTRACT
Human society has continuously been polarized based on gender and human relations have been founded on the precept of subjugation- of the female by the male. The handiest purpose for this principle winning the recognition of social sanction is definitely the intuition to dominate. There are various elements that have aided the subordination of women- leader of them being the silence and the silencing of them. Social conditioning begins from early formative years whilst women are talented with dolls home-kits and boys are given weapons to play battles. Stereo-types of women as nurturers and men as protectors are instilled as impressions inside the childhood to be consolidated very firmly into maturity. At the same time as the little boys are taught now not to cry even in private, precise little women are exhorted not to ask uncomfortable questions, anywhere, each time. The malady of silence is enforced on them when they are rewarded for being visible instead of for being heard. In additions, they are taught strict lessons in submission, sacrifice and self-abnegation that men comfortably approve of. The prevailing paper describes how the postcolonial women writers like Shashi Deshpande and Arundhati Roy address a neo-colonial society led by way of socio-cultural hegemony. It offers us the peep into how postcolonial has moved from the struggle against oppressive foreign culture to the struggle against native culture.