ABSTRACT
Vegetables are considered to be an important part of a balanced diet. Particularly, the brassica vegetables many of them are leafy and green, add significant visual or esthetic attractiveness to a meal. Rapeseed and mustard; most important dicotyledonous, cross pollinated and cool season vegetable crop. Rapeseed oil is considered to have useful influence on human healt. It is suitable for patients suffering from several diseases or to control diseases. Its fatty acid profile along with other components might justify its beneficial impact. The local production of edible oil from all sources could not compete with the growing demand of population. There are many reseasons for low rapeseed production, such as labor and agricultural inputs availability due to the increasing costs. It is grown mainly for root throughout the country. Despite of its wide cultivation the average seed yield is rather low. Limited attention has been paid towards scientific method of good quality root and seed yield.

ABSTRACT
The on-farm trials were conducted in three districts of west shewa zene, Oromia region, Ethiopia, to compare the performance of Promising hybrids under farmers field and promote one or two hybrids for possible release as commercial variety. Seven hybrids were evaluated using randomized complete block design (RCBD) in 2021 cropping season. The combined analysis of variance for three districts showed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all studied traits except ear position. Site*entry interaction showed significant mean variance only for grain yield (GY) indicating that, the performance of these genotypes were not consistent across sites for this trait. Hybrids SXH180174 and 3XH1900432 were the best performing genotypes for grain yield and some yield related traits. The single cross hybrid SXH180174 scored the highest grain yield (10.05 tons/ha) as compared to the checks and showed preferred plant and ear aspects. Accordingly this hybrid was recommended for variety verification trial stage for release as commercial hybrid in highland agro-ecology of the country.

ABSTRACT
Ethiopia is a center of origin and diversity of many cultivated crops and their wild relatives including barley. The richness and range of genetic diversity in Ethiopia, particularly of landraces, is currently subject to serious genetic erosion and irreversible losses due to the changing nature of agricultural production. In this review, the most important factor possibly leading to genetic erosion is the replacement of FV’s by modern cultivars followed by weather variability. Barley, as a food and feed grain, is important to the livelihood of farmers. A number of previous studies have shown higher level of barley diversity in the highland of the country. Traditional barley variety is suffering serious genetic erosion due to displacement by introduced varieties. Knowing the causes of genetic erosion is equally important for devising conservation measures. In conclusion, the use of genetic resources will remain the best way of meeting future food needs and driving the economic and social benefits for the world’s rapidly growing human population.

ABSTRACT
Antibiotic discovery continue to play a critical role in disease containment. Misuse and overuse of these drugs are the main drivers in the development of drug resistant pathogens. The World Health Organisation has declared that Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. There is the fears that if nothing is done, it might end the antibiotic era soon. In 2017 alone, over 9000 human deaths were caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the USA. The ability of bacteria to develop newer strategies to acquire and disseminate resistance, can be traced as far back to 1940s when (R-factor) plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance was observed. They become resistant via the production of 𝛽-Lactamases and ESBLs enzymes which inactivate or modify antibiotics. Extended Spectrum 𝛽-Lactamases are enzymes whose rates of hydrolysis of the extended-spectrum 𝛽-Lactam antibiotics are >10 % than that for benzylpenicillin. Some bacteria may produce multiple ß-lactamases, which may reduce the effectiveness of ß-lactam/ ß-lactamase inhibitor combinations. These enzymes are susceptible to inhibition by 𝛽-Lactam inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or sulbactam but have no hydrolytic activity against cephamycins and carbapenems. The production of acquired 𝛽-Lactamase and ESBL makes the choice of antibiotic treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria very limited, these have been the major causes of treatment failures, outbreaks of both community and hospital acquired infections, surgical failures, long hospital stay and huge economic losses, which continue to claim uncountable lives, especially in Nigeria and Africa where the health system are weak. The emergence of drug resistannt strains may be minimized by maintaining high levels of the drug in the tissues to inhibit mutants, administering two drugs that do not give cross-resistance, and by limiting the use of valuable second line ‘reserve drugs’ such .....

ABSTRACT
In Ethiopia five Eucalyptus species were adopt wide area and Eucalyptus camaldulensisi more dominant in low land and middle land area and economically very important. This leads to farmers converted portion of their farmland to Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodlots. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of E. camaldulensis woodlot on the soil properties and teff (Erogrsticteff) yields on an adjacent cropland. A plot of 2m x 1.5m area was laid down inside plantation (assumed zero m), at one, three, six, nine and20 m distances away from the E. camaldulensis woodlot in to the adjacent cropland. This was replicated on three farmlands. Teff was grown on the plots and the yield, height, and biomass of teff were measured and thirty six soil samples were collected from experimental field. The soil bulk density (p<0.01), soil moisture (p<0.001), SOC (p < 0.05), avail P (p < 0.01) and avail K (p < 0.01) were significantly varied with distance. The yield and height of teff were significantly (p< 0.01) affected by distance from the woodlot. Moreover, mean soil total N at three meter, avail P from one meter to six meter, avail K after nine meter, yield and biomass of teff up to six meter were reduced. The yield reduction of teff could be attributed to the soil moisture and soil nutrient competition between the Eucalyptus woodlot and teff. In this study we had concluded that E. Camaldulensis wood lot has effect on teff production up to six- meter distance from the woodlot and adjacent crop were recommended after Six meter.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. Among all traffic accident, road traffic accidents claim largest toll of human life and tend to be the most serious problem world over. Accidents today are among the leading cause of death. In some countries road traffic accidents are number one cause of deaths; especially in many parts of the world particularly the more highly industrialized nations. Objective: To evaluation of pattern and distribution of injuries among road traffic accident cases. Methods: Our study done at Forensic Medicine Dept. Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July-2015 to July-2017. This study included 501 cases of road traffic accident victims of fatal road traffic accident, brought for medico-legal postmortem examination. Results: Highest number (33.13%) of fatalities occurred in the 25-44 years age group followed by the age group 15-25 years (22.95%). Male victims outnumbered female resulting in male to female ratio of 1.8:1.Pedestrians was most vulnerable accounting for 35.93% of total fatalities followed by motorized two wheelers 30.94%. Heavy Vehicles were found to be mostly involved 56.02% of cases and most accidents 83.23% occurred on highways. Majority of cases sustained multiple injuries. Largest number of injuries was recorded in head & neck 425 number, followed by lower extremities 325 number. Vehicle occupants mostly sustained thoracic injuries. In majority of cases, the site of initial impact of the responsible vehicle was frontal followed by rear and side. Conclusion: The whole data was analyzed for pattern and distribution of injuries. Males constituted a large number of the victims of the carnage. Most of the victims were either illiterate or had education only up to schools level. Four or more wheelers, heavy vehicles, were involved in maximum number of accidents. Majority of the victims sustained fracture followed by laceration, abrasion, and contusion. ............

ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is the most common haematological abnormalities in chronic renal failure. It has a public health importance in developing countries. In chronic renal failure patients, RBC count Hb concentration, hematocrit and platelet count were significantly reduced. There has been a strong association of hemodialysis (HD) and hepatitis viruses infection. Liver disease may be one of the factors, that affecting erythropiesis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the haematological alterations and the prevalence of anemia in hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis HBV and HCV in Western Libya. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis (50 HBV and 50 HCV) from October 2018 to October 2021 as case group and a group of 50 healthy individuals as a control group. Ethical approve and patients consent statement were taken from everyone and the study was performed in Surman Dialysis Clinic and Zawia Kidney Center in West Libya. 3 mL of blood from each participant was drawn by venipuncture into dipotassium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate containing Vacutainer tubes. All samples were processed for analysis immediately after collection. Peripheral blood baseline parameters were measured using Sysmex KX 21 analyzer. Results: The results showed a significant (P<0.01) decreased in RBCs counts, hemoglobin content, Hematocrit value, lymphocytes %, and blood platelets count, and increased in neutrophils %, and mixed % in the HBV, and HCV infected hemodialysis patients compared with the healthy individuals. 78% of HBV infected hemodialysis patients and 74% of HCV infected hemodialysis patients were anemic. The degrees of anemia were 56%, and 48% mild anemia, 26% and 20% moderate anemia, and 18% and 6% severe anemia in anemic HBV and HCV infected hemodialysis patients, respectively. In severe, moderate, and mild anemic HBV and HCV infected hemodialysis patients, the RBCs counts, hemoglobin content, ............