ABSTRACT
Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant tumor of vascular endothelial origin. Primary neoplasms are extremely rare in the third eyelid of dogs. This tumor may occur in any part of the eye. The clinical signs can be varied, but hemorrhage may be the most common clinical sign. Treatment reported for dogs with conjunctival neoplasia is surgical excision and the definitive diagnosis requires histophatological examination. Thus, the aim of the present study is to conduct a mini review of third eyelid hemangiosarcoma in dogs, addressing its epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects.

ABSTRACT
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are widely used for investigating retroviral pathogenesis. Before experiments are conducted and breeding programs established, the animals must be judged negative for endogenous retroviruses. We developed a multiplex high-throughput detection method using multiplexed Luminex fluorescent microbeads and the xTAG system (MMxTAG). We tested three retroviral DNA detection assays for use in a single tube reaction by taking advantage of the Luminex xTAG platform. The assay showed a high sensitivity that was comparable to qPCR methods. The detection limits approached 1-10 fg/μL of plasmid DNA. We compared the specificity, efficiency and accuracy with ELISA assays and found our assay was superior in all regards. The MMxTAG performed well with clinical specimens and could selectively detect a single virus in the presence of the other two. This MMxTAG procedure can be applied to pathogen monitoring in animals and is present in a high throughput format that has low operating and development costs for protecting monkey contacts against these infectious diseases.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Tumors are the most common fatal disorders observed in animals. Canine Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is usually a sexually transmitted neoplasm of the external genitalia of dogs the tumor occurs naturally on the genitals of both male and female dog. In male dogs, it is located on the penis or preputium. Based on Clinical signs and cytological findings, the dog was diagnosed as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). The dog was treated with 0.025 mg/kg body weight of vincristine sulfate every one week and recovered fully within 4 weeks. Dog also treated with Amoxicillin with doses of 10 mg/kg body weight and multivitamin for 5 days. The response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm after 4 weeks.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The study was undertaken to illustrate the variation of eye size, its relative area in relation to the head and genetic variations of the isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in three freshwater fishes. These are Bagrus bajad (Forsskål, 1775, order: Siluriformes and Family: Bagridae), Labeo niloticus (Forsskål, 1775, order: Cypriniformes and Family: Cyprinidae) and Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758, order: Perciforms and Family: Centropomidae) were captured from River Nile of Egypt and investigated for position of eye and their surface area in relation to head region as well as investigated the retina iso-enzyme electrophoresis to predicted the activity and genetic variations. The study revealed that the average percentage of eye size was increased in Bagrus baja in comparison with Lates niloticus and Labeo niloticus. Bagrus bajad is nocturnal fish. The protrusion and localization of eye in the front of the head region reflected the accommodation to its carnivorous feeding. The isoenzyme fractions of lactic dehydrogenase and glucosde-6-phosphate dehydrogenase varied between the studied fishes. Finally the author concluded that the eye's size and position in the head region represented the habit of feeding and accommodation to the environment. Also, the expression of lactic dehydrogenase and glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase retinal isoenzymes represented the genetic differences between the studied fishes.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The physico-chemical and microbiological quality of honey samples obtained from the tropical rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria were investigated. There is paucity of information on the biochemical characteristics of honey produced from the rain forest zone of Nigeria; hence, the need to provide a database on the characterization of honey produced in this zone. A total of eighteen honey samples collected from this zone were analyzed for their chemical properties including moisture, ash, pH, glucose and fructose content, while the microbial population including total plate count (TPC), total coliform and the levels of spore-forming bacteria and fungi were determined. Data obtained were analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while sample means were separated with the aid of Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P ≤ 0.05 using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) package. The mean moisture content values ranged from 12.32 – 34.02 %, while the mean ash content ranged from 0.74 – 1.22 g 100 g-1. The mean pH value of 2.6 obtained from honey samples collected in Akwa Ibom was significantly very low when compared with that of 4.3 and 3.2 obtained from Edo and Bayelsa States honey samples respectively. Glucose and fructose mean values detected in honey samples also showed significant values. Four mineral elements: Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca) and Iron (Fe) were detected, but with levels varying from one place to another. Potassium (K) was the most abundant element with a mean value of 8.06 ppm obtained from Akwa Ibom honey samples. Results of microbiological characteristics showed that microbial profile were low for all microorganisms detected in honey samples produced from the tropical rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: This present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and some blood biochemical composition of male Japanese quail. Three hundred, three week old apparently healthy male Japanese quail were used in this experiment. The birds were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 20 birds for 21 days of experimental period and placed in cages, measuring 100 cm (length) x100 cm (width) x 80 cm (height). Group A was fed on diet 1 containing 18% crude protein, Group B was fed on diet 2 containing 20% crude protein, Group C was fed on diet 3 containing 22% crude protein, Group D was fed on diet 4 containing 24% crude protein and Group E was fed on diet 5containing 26% crude protein. All groups were subjected to similar management practices. Results showed that growth performance parameters significantly improved as dietary crude protein level increased. However dietary protein level beyond 22% has no beneficial effect on growth. Biochemical examination results demonstrated that the crude protein level in diet was not significantly affected the blood glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus and liver enzyme activities (ASAT and ALT). However, we noticed a significant effect (P<0.05) about Total protein, Albumin, Urea, Triglycerides, Creatinine and Uric acid. Despite the variation of these parameters, they remain within the normal range proposed by [28]. Therefore, dietary protein levels not affected quail health. The crude protein requirement for Japanese quail from 21 to 42 days old is 22%.

ABSTRACT
A total of 200 sera samples were collected from Guinea fowl (100) and Pigeons (100) and subjected to Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Out of these, 99 samples (49.5%) were found positive for MG antibodies. The prevalence of MG infection was 60% in Guinea fowl and 39% in Pigeons. In Guinea fowls the males has a slightly high prevalence of 61.7% compared to the females with a prevalence rate of 57.5%. This study revealed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is prevalent and widespread in both Guinea fowls and Pigeons within Sokoto metropolis. In Nigeria and most part of Africa these two species are usually reared in the same households with the local chickens hence may serve as potential source of infection to them resulting in a more severe disease in the chicken population.