ABSTRACT
Abstract: Tumors are the most common fatal disorders observed in animals. Canine Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is usually a sexually transmitted neoplasm of the external genitalia of dogs the tumor occurs naturally on the genitals of both male and female dog. In male dogs, it is located on the penis or preputium. Based on Clinical signs and cytological findings, the dog was diagnosed as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). The dog was treated with 0.025 mg/kg body weight of vincristine sulfate every one week and recovered fully within 4 weeks. Dog also treated with Amoxicillin with doses of 10 mg/kg body weight and multivitamin for 5 days. The response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm after 4 weeks.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The study was undertaken to illustrate the variation of eye size, its relative area in relation to the head and genetic variations of the isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in three freshwater fishes. These are Bagrus bajad (Forsskål, 1775, order: Siluriformes and Family: Bagridae), Labeo niloticus (Forsskål, 1775, order: Cypriniformes and Family: Cyprinidae) and Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758, order: Perciforms and Family: Centropomidae) were captured from River Nile of Egypt and investigated for position of eye and their surface area in relation to head region as well as investigated the retina iso-enzyme electrophoresis to predicted the activity and genetic variations. The study revealed that the average percentage of eye size was increased in Bagrus baja in comparison with Lates niloticus and Labeo niloticus. Bagrus bajad is nocturnal fish. The protrusion and localization of eye in the front of the head region reflected the accommodation to its carnivorous feeding. The isoenzyme fractions of lactic dehydrogenase and glucosde-6-phosphate dehydrogenase varied between the studied fishes. Finally the author concluded that the eye's size and position in the head region represented the habit of feeding and accommodation to the environment. Also, the expression of lactic dehydrogenase and glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase retinal isoenzymes represented the genetic differences between the studied fishes.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The physico-chemical and microbiological quality of honey samples obtained from the tropical rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria were investigated. There is paucity of information on the biochemical characteristics of honey produced from the rain forest zone of Nigeria; hence, the need to provide a database on the characterization of honey produced in this zone. A total of eighteen honey samples collected from this zone were analyzed for their chemical properties including moisture, ash, pH, glucose and fructose content, while the microbial population including total plate count (TPC), total coliform and the levels of spore-forming bacteria and fungi were determined. Data obtained were analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while sample means were separated with the aid of Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P ≤ 0.05 using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) package. The mean moisture content values ranged from 12.32 – 34.02 %, while the mean ash content ranged from 0.74 – 1.22 g 100 g-1. The mean pH value of 2.6 obtained from honey samples collected in Akwa Ibom was significantly very low when compared with that of 4.3 and 3.2 obtained from Edo and Bayelsa States honey samples respectively. Glucose and fructose mean values detected in honey samples also showed significant values. Four mineral elements: Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca) and Iron (Fe) were detected, but with levels varying from one place to another. Potassium (K) was the most abundant element with a mean value of 8.06 ppm obtained from Akwa Ibom honey samples. Results of microbiological characteristics showed that microbial profile were low for all microorganisms detected in honey samples produced from the tropical rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: This present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and some blood biochemical composition of male Japanese quail. Three hundred, three week old apparently healthy male Japanese quail were used in this experiment. The birds were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 20 birds for 21 days of experimental period and placed in cages, measuring 100 cm (length) x100 cm (width) x 80 cm (height). Group A was fed on diet 1 containing 18% crude protein, Group B was fed on diet 2 containing 20% crude protein, Group C was fed on diet 3 containing 22% crude protein, Group D was fed on diet 4 containing 24% crude protein and Group E was fed on diet 5containing 26% crude protein. All groups were subjected to similar management practices. Results showed that growth performance parameters significantly improved as dietary crude protein level increased. However dietary protein level beyond 22% has no beneficial effect on growth. Biochemical examination results demonstrated that the crude protein level in diet was not significantly affected the blood glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus and liver enzyme activities (ASAT and ALT). However, we noticed a significant effect (P<0.05) about Total protein, Albumin, Urea, Triglycerides, Creatinine and Uric acid. Despite the variation of these parameters, they remain within the normal range proposed by [28]. Therefore, dietary protein levels not affected quail health. The crude protein requirement for Japanese quail from 21 to 42 days old is 22%.

ABSTRACT
A total of 200 sera samples were collected from Guinea fowl (100) and Pigeons (100) and subjected to Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Out of these, 99 samples (49.5%) were found positive for MG antibodies. The prevalence of MG infection was 60% in Guinea fowl and 39% in Pigeons. In Guinea fowls the males has a slightly high prevalence of 61.7% compared to the females with a prevalence rate of 57.5%. This study revealed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is prevalent and widespread in both Guinea fowls and Pigeons within Sokoto metropolis. In Nigeria and most part of Africa these two species are usually reared in the same households with the local chickens hence may serve as potential source of infection to them resulting in a more severe disease in the chicken population.

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted on 160 poultry farmers in Sokoto state, Nigeria with the use of questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and compliance of poultry workers with preventive measures for poultry diseases in six Local Government Areas of the State. Information obtained from respondents showed that about 82.5% knows about poultry disease with 3.3% through newspaper, 1.5% television, 1.5% friends and 84.9% experience. The most common poultry disease known was Newcastle disease (41%) followed by Gumboro (40%) and coccidiosis (31.9%) among others. Also 60.6% of the respondents have heard about poultry disease outbreak with Avian Influenza having the highest frequency of 63.9%. Only 39.4% had ever experience an outbreak on their farm while 32.5% had never experienced it. Out of all the respondents 46.3% received lectures or training on poultry diseases often and 30% do not. Disease prevention methods employed in both commercial farms and backyard ones includes vaccination (82%), medication (71%), sanitation (43%), disinfection (10.6%), use of foot dip (60.6%), use of farm personnel clothing (59.4%), isolation of sick birds (88.1%). 48.1% of the farmers had their farms free of wild birds (vectors) while the rest had invasions. Twenty-one point nine per cent of the respondents disposed carcasses in refuse dump while 31.9% preferred to bury poultry carcasses. Finally, it was concluded that, the low level of commercial poultry production in the study area might be due to poor practices by the farmers. So, it is recommended that, government should put program about training poultry farmers on biosecurity, disease prevention and adoption of modern husbandry practices suitable for both commercial poultry production system and backyard poultry production system.

ABSTRACT
The study was undertaken to determine the presence and concentration of some heavy metals in selected tissues of cattle slaughtered from southern agricultural zone of Nasarawa state using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Fifty samples comprising 10 each of liver, kidney, skin, intestine and muscle were collected and analyzed for the presence of Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd. Male and female cattle of two age categories (Young and Older) were sampled for the study. The mean concentration of Ni, Pb, Cu and Cd in all the sampled tissues were generally low and within the permissible limit. High levels of Cr was detected in all samples with mean concentration of 3.9926 mg/kg, 2.4440 mg/kg, 2.9909 mg/kg, 2.1688 mg/kg and 4.0100 mg/kg in intestine, kidney, liver, muscle and skin respectively. There exist significant difference (P< 0.05) in the mean concentration of Ni and Cu between young and older cattle. Higher levels of Cr, Pb and Cd was detected in the tissues of female animal than male. The result from this study indicates that cattle slaughtered from the study area are free from Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb residues, but contained high levels of Cr. Public and private sector should establish cattle ranches so as to reduce the possibility of grazing cattle in heavy metal contaminated feed and pasture.