ABSTRACT
This research aims to analyze and understand more about servant leadership and competency of employee service performance in the Government of Batu Bara Regency. The research location was conducted in the Government of Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province. The population in this study was civil servants, and the number of samples in this study using the slovin formula was 140 people. Research results found from the respondents' responses, it can be found that servant leadership is formed by action, empathy, wisdom, finding solutions, growing, having a social spirit, having a vision, and serving. Competence is formed by motives, traits self-concept, knowledge, and skills. Motivation is formed by work performance, influence, control, dependence, development, and affiliation. Organizational commitment is formed by a belief in the organization, acceptance of organizational values and goals, involvement in the organization, desire to remain in the organization and totality in work. Physical capabilities shape service performance, reliability, responsiveness, ability to understand customers, courtesy, credibility, security, access, and communication.

ABSTRACT
Work productivity is a link between output, namely work results and the time needed to complete work in accordance with the main tasks and functions of employees. An organization will only be able to develop if the work productivity of personnel increases. In the activities carried out in the 4th Air Squadron, work productivity is a part that gets attention in implementing activities to achieve the objectives of missions and operations. With an adequate number of personnel, the existing personnel will be able to carry out their duties optimally to fulfill the functions and objectives of implementing the 4th Air Squadron Operation. The research purpose is to analyze the effect of the quality of personnel partially on the work productivity of the 4th Air Squadron Pilot Corps, the effect of workload partially on the work productivity of the 4th Air Squadron Aviation Corps, the effect of the quality of personnel and workload simultaneously on the work productivity of the 4th Air Squadron Pilot Corps. Research sites were conducted at the 4th Air Squadron Pilot Corps, Indonesia. The research results show that the quality of personnel has a positive influence but is not significant by 12.1%. Workload has a positive but insignificant effect on work productivity of 8.3%. Simultaneously it can be concluded that the variable quality of personnel and workload has a positive effect of 1.1% and does not have a significant enough effect on work productivity. The influencing factors are the uniform quality of personnel and the development of personnel which impacts the ability to cope with heavy workloads.

ABSTRACT
Despite the commercial links that exist among Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, with maize as the most heavily traded agricultural commodity, there is a deficiency in the empirical literature on the price transmission of maize or any other traded agricultural commodity among these countries. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by examining the spatial price transmission of wholesale maize grain prices among these countries using the Nonlinear ARDL model. The empirical results indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between wholesale maize prices in Uganda and those in Tanzania. However, a 1% increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Kenya leads to a 0.8943% (0.7363%) increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Uganda. Similarly, a 1% increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Kenya leads to a 0.6079% (1.1752%) increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Tanzania. On the other hand, a 1% increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Uganda leads to a 0.5652% (0.6487%) increase (decrease) in wholesale maize prices in Kenya, while a 1% increase in wholesale maize prices in Tanzania leads to a 0.3635% increase in wholesale maize prices in Kenya. These findings are relevant for the development of strategies to improve market conditions and enhance growth in trade among the three countries.

ABSTRACT
Managers need to determine the company's optimal cash holding. However, it is also important to understand the factors that influence the company's cash holding. The study uses a panel data regression analysis tool, with a sample of 12 companies selected by purposive sampling during the 2015-2020 period. The selected regression model is the fixed effect model. The results of the investigation show that the profitability and liquidity factors have a significant effect on cash holding. Profitability has a negative effect, and liquidity has a positive effect.

ABSTRACT
E-commerce transforms market mechanisms in the process of interaction in buying and selling transactions. The increasing interest of consumers to carry out online purchasing activities has made companies and sellers’ market their products massively through the Internet. Through the convenience offered by the e-commerce system, people only need to visit shopping sites and order goods or services through electronic devices such as mobile phones or computers. This study aimed to examine the effect of ease of use and trust on repurchase intention mediated by e-satisfaction on Shopee online platform users. The hypothesis built in this study would be tested with a causal research design. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) utilizing the AMOS 24 software was the statistical tool to investigate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The data collection method used a questionnaire with 288 respondents.

ABSTRACT
Islamic (Sharia) banks are financial institutions that follow Islamic principles and moral values. The Indonesian people, mostly Muslims, have increased the potential for Islamic banking in Indonesia. Complaint handling and good service quality, as well as meeting customer expectations, will undoubtedly have an impact on customer satisfaction, including those who save or use other bank products. Long-term customer loyalty is automatically affected by satisfied customers. Hence, it has encouraged many banks, particularly Islamic banks, to be more effective and efficient in their business operations, including maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty, because their survival is heavily dependent on customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study aimed to analyze the impact of Complaint Handling and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty at the Pontianak Branch of Bank Kalbar Syariah. Respondents included 201 people selected using a purposive sampling technique. Research data were collected by administering questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS 26 software. The findings revealed that: 1) Complaint Handling and Service Quality had a positive and significant impact on Customer Satisfaction, 2) Complaint Handling and Service Quality had a positive and significant impact on Customer Loyalty, 3) Customer Satisfaction had a positive and significant impact on Customer Loyalty, and 4) Customer Satisfaction mediated the impact of Complaint Handling and Service Quality on Customer Loyalty.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of entrepreneurial and market orientation on business performance and test the ability to mediate innovation between entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on business performance in SMEs in Indonesia. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in a country's economy. It makes SMEs very interesting to study. The form of research used in this study is a descriptive quantitative research method with a causal approach. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a sample of 219 respondents who owned SMEs through a purposive sampling technique—using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24 tools. The results of this study indicate that Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation have a positive and significant effect on Business Performance. The Ability to Innovate also has a positive and significant effect on Business Performance. It plays a significant mediating role in the Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation of SMEs in Indonesia.