ABSTRACT
Background: Psychoactive substance use causes significant social burden and is linked with a range of adverse outcomes. The critical age of onset is usually around adolescence, with affected youth experiencing higher prevalence of psychosocial problems compared with the general adolescent population. This study determined the prevalence and examined the association between psychoactive substance use and psychiatric disorders among adolescents in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Methods: This study was an observational descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among 394 adolescent students from five selected secondary schools in a rural area. A sociodemographic questionnaire was administered to all participants while the ASSIST and K-SADS instruments were used to assess substance and psychiatry disorder respectively. Subjects with scores above the screening cut-off point were subsequently interviewed. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Prevalence of lifetime substance use was 27.3% (n = 96). All the different types of psychoactive substances evaluated in the study were used by the respondents. The most predominant substance used was alcohol (19.9%), with 2.3%, and 0.6% of the respondents reporting monthly and weekly use respectively. There was a statistically significant association between family history of mental illness and lifetime use of substances among respondents, p-value = 0.007. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 17.6%. The prevalence of Depression and mania constituted 62.1% of the psychiatric disorders recorded among these respondents. There was no significant association between psychoactive substance use and psychiatric disorders among respondents in the study population. Conclusion: Psychoactive substance use was common among rural secondary school students with 1 in every of 4 having experienced it. Nearly one in five also had a psychiatric disorder but no significant association was found between the two.

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the status and distribution of poor sleep quality among urban residents, assess the level of self-reported environmental noise annoyance, and examine the independent association between noise annoyance and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores after controlling for potential confounding factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 178 urban residents in Ho Chi Minh City between February and April 2026. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and insomnia status was assessed using an insomnia index. Noise annoyance was measured using a self-reported five-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), floor level, and adjacent street type included as control variables. The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was 68.5%, with a mean PSQI score of 7.92 ± 3.14. The mean noise annoyance score was 3.46 ± 0.89 on a five-point scale, with 61.2% of participants reporting high levels of noise annoyance. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that noise annoyance was the strongest and most statistically significant predictor of poor sleep quality (β = 1.24; standardized β = 0.42; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.87–1.61). The model explained 38.4% of the variance in PSQI scores (R² = 0.384; p < 0.001). Environmental noise annoyance was independently associated with poor sleep quality among urban residents in Ho Chi Minh City, with both statistical significance and practical relevance. These findings provide empirical evidence to support recommendations for noise control in urban planning and public health interventions in Vietnam.

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the psychological profile of self-actualized Palestinian entrepreneurial women through an in-depth case study approach. The research addresses a critical gap in understanding the intersection between entrepreneurship, psychological resilience, and self-actualization within conflict-affected contexts such as the Gaza Strip. Drawing on clinical and qualitative methodologies, the study integrates projective and structured assessment tools, including the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), self-actualization scales, problem-solving measures, optimism, risk-taking tendencies, social power orientation, and moral reasoning assessments. The findings reveal that self-actualized entrepreneurial women exhibit a complex psychological structure characterized by high levels of intrinsic motivation, adaptive problem-solving strategies, cognitive flexibility, and a strong sense of purpose aligned with both personal and collective goals. Despite exposure to socio-political constraints and economic instability, participants demonstrated resilience patterns supported by optimism, internal locus of control, and moral commitment. Notably, the interaction between self-actualization and entrepreneurial traits appears to be mediated by contextual adversity, transforming external constraints into drivers of psychological growth and innovation. The study contributes to the literature by offering a context-sensitive psychological model of female entrepreneurship in marginalized environments, emphasizing the role of internal psychological resources in achieving self-actualization. The findings have practical implications for psychological counseling, entrepreneurship development programs, and gender-focused empowerment policies in similar socio-cultural contexts.

ABSTRACT
The word introversion originates from the Modern Latin introvertere combining intro (to the inside) and vertere (to turn). It was in use in the early 17th century regarding spiritual contemplation before being popularized by Carl Jung in the 1910s to describe focusing energy inward. Then solitude originates from the Latin word solitudinem meaning loneliness, solitariness rooted in solus meaning alone. Historically, it has transitioned from a religious practice of withdrawal to a, often, positive, modern, and voluntary state of being alone for self-reflection and personal growth. It is distinct from the often, painful, emotional experience of loneliness. Psychoanalytically, solitude is seen as a fundamental human experience that develops in early life. It is often described as a dualism or a “state of being with the self.” Somehow contrary to the traditional belief that introverts universally thrive in solitude, recent studies suggest a more complex relationship between personality and the enjoyment of alone time. This exposition investigates these nuances finding that while introversion is associated with higher frequency of being alone, it does not directly predict enjoyment of that solitude. Instead, the pleasure derived from solitary environments is more closely linked to a proactive “solitropic” motivation rather than simply a low desire for social interaction. Furthermore, research suggests that the benefits of solitude such as mental rejuvenation and reduced stress are experienced by various personality types when the choice to be alone is autonomous and volitional. It is suggested that “high functioning” introverts seek solitary environments for personal growth rather than escape. Introversion is often characterized by a preference for quieter environments and a need to manage social stimulation. The author explores the physiological underpinnings of the preference, examining how introverts utilize solitude for cognitive and emotional restoration. While socia

ABSTRACT
On-road truckers face unique occupational stressors—long hours, irregular schedules, isolation, serious accident risk, and job insecurity—that can cumulatively increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms. While chronic stress is a well-documented risk factor for depression, the specific pathway through which occupational stress translates into depressive symptoms in this population remains underexplored. The purpose of a paper on the stress–depression pathway in on-road trucking is to explore the relationship between stress and depression in truck drivers, particularly in the context of their work environment. The paper aims to provide a conceptual model that explains how stressors related to trucking can lead to depression, and how understanding this relationship can inform interventions and support for truck drivers. The analysis of the conceptual model reveals that the influence of psychosocial stressors on fatigue and depressive symptoms in long-distance truck drivers (LDTD) contributes to depressive symptoms due to the body's inability to handle the stress effectively, leading to a cycle of negative mental health outcomes. In conclusion, the paper seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field by offering insights into the psychological impact of trucking and by suggesting potential strategies to improve mental health among truck drivers. The paper concludes that understanding these interconnections is essential for developing effective strategies to support the mental health of long-distance truck drivers and reduce the prevalence of fatigue and depressive symptoms in this occupational group.

ABSTRACT
Background: Exposure to noise could be caused many unhealthy conditions. If noise was in suitable limit, it was not been harm. Objective of this study was to determine the health effects of noise on workers’ health. Methods: It was a study. The articles with people who were employed in different industries were participated in this study. Articles groups were followed for sleep disorders, psychological, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms and signs. These groups were exposed to different levels of noise; according to work site, 4 groups were participated: work site 1, work site 2, work site 3 and work site 4. Symptoms and signs were determined. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16. ANOVA, Chi-2, Exact test and relative risks with considering P<0.05 as significant level. Results: In articles Work site 4, had the most noise levels; 79.05±0.10 dB A. Sleep disorders, psychological, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms and signs. Were determined. All of the symptoms and signs were the most in group 4. Relative risks for confusion was 1.88(1.20-2.95), for loss of concentration was 1.72(1.17-2.53), for fatigue was 1.71(1.02-3.57). Risks for headache and sleep disorders in group 4 were 1.70(1.01-3.56) and 1.61(1.03-3.77). Conclusions: Noise had health effects in low to moderate levels and might be caused confusion, loss of concentration, fatigue, headache and sleep disorders.

ABSTRACT
According to Perez, guidance is a process where an individual receives support to make decisions, solve problems and achieve personal goals. It is about providing direction and helping the individuals use their skills and resources effectively. Hahn emphasizes that guidance focuses in helping individuals navigate life choices and challenges, helping them maximize their potentials. Maclean defines counseling as a process in which a trained professional helps individuals to explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to resolve personal issues and improve their emotional well-being. Gustad’s definition also emphasizes the interpersonal relationship in counseling, where the counselor helps the counselees to understand their issues and develop coping strategies for personal growth. Counseling psychology is a specialized field that integrates psychological theory with therapeutic practice to enhance personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan. Guidance in simple terms means to direct or provide assistance to someone who needs helps. Counseling refers to professional services provided to individual facing problem and needs to overcome the problem. Counseling is considered to be integral and central part of guidance. Individuals with emotional and behavioral problems are in a dilemma whether to go in for counseling psychology or guidance and counseling. The aim of both is to help the individuals to achieve their goals by addressing their problems therapeutically to have peace, wholeness, and personal growth. The study revealed that those who embraced counseling psychology obtained satisfaction, as well as those individuals who made use of guidance and counseling services. Counseling psychology is a distinct specialty within the broader discipline, focused on human strengths, healthy functioning, and person-environment interactions. The exposition aimed to provide a global perspective on the profession, outlining its development and core pillars: a focus