ABSTRACT
Abstract: The present investigation was aimed at studying the perceived self – esteem among tobacco users and non – users adolescents with special reference to Sitamarhi district of North Bihar, India. It is because of the fact that in Bihar State, Government has banned the use of alcohol and all hard drugs, although tobacco chewing and smoking are still available in the licit market and adolescent are found to intake these soft drugs inside and outside their schools where they are studying. Thus, the present investigator had used the drug abuse questionnaire survey schedule to find out the tobacco users adolescents from different private and government schools located in and around Sitamarhi district to carry out the present piece of research work. Having surveyed the adolescents population using drug abuse questionnaire survey schedule only (n=100) tobacco users were taken as tobacco (chewing and smoking) users only. Moreover, n=100 adolescents were also randomly selected from same place as non – users, those who were not taking any type of soft drugs. The information collected through questionnaire schedule using self- esteem inventory. The data were tabulated and analyzed according to procedures of the inventory. Obtained results revealed the fact that Non – tobacco users were found more prone to higher degree of self-esteem as compared to tobacco users. Significant differences were also found between the groups of tobacco users and non – users adolescents in terms of their dimensions of self – esteem, viz., “personally perceived self” and “socially perceived self”. Finally results have been discussed in detail by giving probable reasons in the light of exigency of situations prevailing in North Bihar, India so far as drug addiction is concerned.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Psychological stress, anxiety makes bad and creates a problematic situations on students to perform better. The factors collectively hamper their performance leading to low academic achievement. Having surveyed the literature, it has been observed that in Bihar state a few studies have been witnessed especially in the field of academic anxiety and academic achievement of the students in last decades. Hence, the present study is aimed to fill that gap and efforts are made to find out the levels of anxiety towards academic achievement. Thus, for the present study one hundred eighty (N=180) students which comprises the students obtained above 70 % marks (n=60); 60 % to 69 % (n=60) and below 60 % marks obtained by the students in the half – yearly examinations (n=60) of IX th standard students studying in government schools located in and around the area of Samastipur district of North Bihar, India were selected randomly. For collecting the data on academic anxiety – a scale “Academic Anxiety Scale for Children” (AASC) developed by Singh and Gupta (2005) was used and on the other hand, academic achievement was measured on the basis of performance of half yearly examination of school test. Having collected the data on the items of the test, the individual scores were obtained as per norms and procedure of the tests for giving statistical treatment. Obtained results revealed that there are significant differences between the different groups of students in terms of their degree of academic anxiety towards their academic achievement, although all students had shown moderate levels of academic anxiety. Obtained results have been discussed in detail by giving appropriate reasons in the context of North Bihar, India.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Social support plays an important role in maintaining psychological well-being of students. Nursing students are subjected to a variety of stressors during their study and level of perceived social support is one of these factors which may precipitate to emotional disturbances in the form of depression, anxiety and stress which may affect students’ academic performance, physical health and quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the social support among nursing students and its association with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Methodology: A sample of 174 nursing students from International Islamic University Malaysia participated in this study. Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the emotional disturbances in the form of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) symptoms. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to measures perceived social support. Results: The mean score of depression for all students was at mild level (11.47), mean anxiety score was at moderate level (14.77) while mean stress score was at normal level (14.76). Majority of nursing students scored high social support. No significant differences between the gender and age of students in relation to social support. The social support is negatively associated and correlated with depression among nursing students. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress are existed among nursing students which need to be early detected. The social support is negatively associated and correlated with depression among nursing students. No significant differences between the genders in relation to perceived social support.

ABSTRACT
Depression, as a disease, is common in cancer patients. It is generally observed that various cancer patients report most of the time unfolds that they are suffering from depression, although depression is a difficult task to study in cancer patients. Hence, the present study was aimed at studying the perceived depression among cancer patients with special reference to Bihar state, India. The present study is important as it has been shown that patients with depression which tend to have drastic symptoms. To achieve the objective of the present study total sample consisted of eighty (N=80) cancer patients covering cervical and breast cancer patients comprising male (n=45) and female (n=35) were selected through incidental-cum-purposive sampling technique from the Swami Vivekanand Cancer Sansthan, Darbhanga, and Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna and moreover equal number of non – cancer normal people were also selected for making comparative study. Beck Depression Inventory along with biographical information blank (BIB) were administered to collect the data. Having collected the data on the items of the inventory, the individual scores were summed up for giving statistical treatment. Finally, results revealed the fact that there is higher degree of significant difference between the group of cancer patients and normal people as “t” has been found highly significant at .01 level of confidence, although significant difference has also been found among the group of male and female cancer patients. It is very interesting to point out here that Male group of Cancer patients had shown higher level of depression in comparison to female group of cancer patients. Obtained results have been discussed in detail by giving probable reasons.

ABSTRACT
Three research questions and three research hypotheses were postulated for the study. The study was a descriptive survey design. The population comprised all the Batch A corps members who served in Adamawa State in the 2018/2019 service year. Sample size was 160. The research instrument was self- developed by the researcher. The Research was validated by an expert in Guidance and Counselling and an expert in Test and Measurement; from Adamawa State University, Mubi. The reliability was determined by using test-retest method with reliability co-efficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using mean, Spearman Rank Order, t-test analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed corps member’s attitude to CDS was positive. The factors that inhibit effective execution of the CDS project by corps members include inadequate monitoring by National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) officials, poor management of finance, and lack of maturation by the CDS coordinators.

ABSTRACT
The paper discusses the concept of girl-child education, right of child education, history of Nomads in Nigeria, cultural and religious practices of Nomads and attitude of nomadic parents towards girl-child education. The girl-child education is to make a girl-child understand herself and her capacity to exploit her environment, and involves training in literacy and vocational skills to enable her become functional in the society. The rights to education of a girl-child is free and compulsory primary education and freedom from all types of discrimination at all levels of education. Cultural practice of nomadic parents towards the education of their daughters could lead to early marriage, pregnancy, insecurity, harassment and drop-out of school. Girls education touches on fundamental issues of gender disparity. Nomadic parents believe a girl-child does not need to be educated like a male child. Their plan is for their girl- child to be married off and start procreation as early as early adolescents. In conclusion, cultural practice of nomadic parents influences their attitude in not having desire to educate a girl-child. Moreover, withdrawal from primary school for marriage is often practised by those who allow their daughters to attend primary school. It is recommended that school counsellors are to organise parents‟ conferences and use such media to discuss with parents of relevance of girl-child education to the pupils themselves, their families and the society at large.

ABSTRACT
Women in the modern hi – tech society, which is moving very fast under the shadow of population explosion, conflicts, chaos and corruptions, can mould the personality of the adolescents and youth in a proper direction and perspective, provided the women are themselves empowered. Educating the new generation girls and women ready to empowering her with the skills are necessary for economic independence. It is the only long – term solution for the betterment of girls and women in India. By looking at the fact, the present piece of research work was aimed at studying the empowerment of working and non – working women with particular reference to Ara district of Bihar State, India. In the present study one hundred eighty (N=180) women comprising working women (n=80) and non – working women (n=80) were randomly selected from different organizations, namely. Schools, colleges, banks, and houses etc located at in and around Ara district. Total subjects‟ age were ranged between 25 - 45 years belonging to lower, middle, and upper socioeconomic status groups. Data were collected through questionnaire schedules. Having collected the data, individual scores were obtained for giving statistical treatment. Finally, obtained results revealed the significant difference between the group of working women and non – working women in terms of their degree of perceived reactions on Psychological empowerment. Significant differences were also found in all the dimensions of psychological empowerment viz., „Self – Efficacy‟; Self – Esteem‟; and „psychology of well – being‟, although working women scored higher degree in all the dimensions of psychological empowerment scale than non – working women residing in Ara district of Bihar, India. Results have been discussed in detail by giving the appropriate reasons.