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Purpose: To study the clinical and epidemiological aspects of benign prostatic hypertrophy at the Koutiala reference health center. Patient methods: This is a prospective study from April 2016 to April 2017, 13 months in total. All patients in whom the clinical examination and ultrasound made the diagnosis of prostate adenoma and in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at surgery were included in this study. Results: The frequency of benign prostatic hypertrophy was 23.81%; it occupied first place among surgical uropathies with 54.94% and took second place among all surgical pathologies with 29.6% of cases. The average age of our patients was 71 years. The age group 61 – 75 was the most affected with a frequency of 59%. Acute retention of urine comes first among the reasons for consultations with a rate of 58%. Ultrasound has been the reference examination for the diagnosis of this pathology. It was performed in all our patients. The surgical pathologies most associated with prostate adenoma were inguinal hernia, 6 cases (6%). The treatment was surgical in 100% of the series, via the transvesical route using the Freyer Hryntchak technique. The pathological examination of the surgical specimens detected one case of prostate adenocarcinoma,1%. Post-operative outcomes were simple in the majority of cases,86%. 70% of patients had a hospital stay of 5 days, the average was 8 days with extremes of 4 and 33 days. The mortality rate was 4.17%. Conclusion: Upper prostatic adenomectomy remains the main technique for surgical management of BPH in Mali and in our center in particular with low postoperative morbidity and mortality.

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Numerous reports are showing the presence of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes in sea sand, and sea sand specified to conserve drug resistance genes. However, there is not any study to realize whether drug-resistant bacteria can thrive in sea sand or not. In this investigation, we observed events of some extremely drug-resistant bacteria in sea sand. Our study pointed to diminished growths of these extremely drug-resistant bacteria in sea sand and surges release of bacterial natural pigments, which additionally could check microbial growths. Therefore, a negative feedback system de novo is dynamic in sea beaches to limit bacterial residents.

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Objective: To evaluate the contribution of pericardial biopsy in the etiological research of pericarditis. Methods: This study was carried out in the University Hospital Centers of Point G and Luxembourg. This was a descriptive study with retrospective collection from January 2012 to May 2015. It concerned all patients operated on for pericarditis in whom the histological examination was carried out. Results: We operated on a total of 70 patients for pericarditis, representing a frequency of 2.3% of all surgical interventions (3044) and 49.6% of cardiac interventions (141). The average age of the patients was 31.5 years with the extremes ranging from 2 years to 84 years. The most common signs of pericarditis were chest pain (27.1%), fever (7.1%) and dyspnea (12.9%). Pericardial drainage was performed in 91.4% of patients. On histological examination, tuberculosis represented 70% and pericardial cancer metastases 4.3%. Immediate post-operative complications were marked by three (03) deaths. Conclusion: The histology of pericardial samples was decisive in the etiological diagnosis. The popularization of biopsy during pericardial drainage is promising in our work contexts.

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Background: Cornea is the transparent, avascular structure that forms the outer layer of the eyeball through which light enters the eye. According to National programme for control of blindness, India has more than 12 million people with visual impairment and corneal blindness accounts for 0.9% [1]. A large number of diseases affect the cornea. These include infectious causes- bacterial, fungal and viral causes; trauma, dystrophies, nutritional deficiency etc. So, this study aims to find the prevalence of visual impairment due to corneal diseases and its causes so appropriate steps can be taken in managing these conditions. Methods: It is a prospective, cross sectional, observational study conducted in Department of ophthalmology, GMC, Jammu for a period of 6 months from October 2023 to March 2024. All patients presenting to the eye opd with visual impairment were included in the study (vision <6/18). Detailed history and examination were done to find prevalence of corneal disease and it cause. Results: A total of 3276 patients were included in the study. Of these 108 patients had visual impairment due to corneal diseases. 57.4 % patients were males and 42.59% were females. The age distribution was as follows, 7 patients were in the age group of 0-10 years, 11 in group 10-20 years, 20 were of 20-30 years, 18 were 30-40 years, 23 in age group of 40- 50 and 29 were of age more than 50 years. Infectious causes (bacterial-24.07%, fungal-21.29% and viral keratitis-17.59% were the leading cause, followed by trauma (15.74%) and dry eye syndrome (8.33%). Conclusions: Corneal illnesses account one of the major cause of vision impairment, and their epidemiological patterns and etiology are varied. Many of the causes are preventable, so appropriate steps need to be taken to decrease the burden of corneal visual impairment.

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Background: Allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) are common adverse events during blood transfusions, ranging from mild urticaria to severe anaphylactic shock. Elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are known to mediate these reactions. This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum IgE levels and the Presence of ATRs in patients receiving fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2019 to August 2021. The study included 55 patients aged 5-60 years who received FFP transfusions. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, and IgE levels were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Result: The majority of participants were males (94.55%) and aged 11-20 years (45.45%). Most patients (85.45%) received multiple units of FFP. Clinical symptoms included itching (56.36%), urticarial rash (29.09%), vomiting (7.27%), and hypotension (7.27%). Raised IgE levels were found in 52.73% of participants, and a significant association was observed between elevated IgE levels and the presence of allergic reactions (p<0.01). Patients with allergic reactions had significantly higher mean IgE levels (521.4±434.6 IU/mL) compared to those without allergic reactions (67.8±33.2 IU/mL). Conclusion: Elevated serum IgE levels are significantly associated with the Presence of ATRs in patients receiving FFP transfusions. Monitoring IgE levels can help predict and manage allergic reactions, thereby improving transfusion safety and patient outcomes.

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Introduction: It has been reported that inflammation on Pap smear is quite common. Chronic inflammation, whether specific or nonspecific, has been linked to cancer development and is considered one of the factors responsible for carcinogenesis. Women who have persistent inflammation on Pap smear should undergo further evaluation and treatment. Objective: This research aims to study the effectiveness of colposcopy in terms of assessing persistent inflammatory changes in cervical cytology e.g., Pap smear. Methods: Between January 2021 and January 2024, this prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study involved screening 320 women with Pap smear tests. Women who received an inflammatory Pap smear report, aged between 20 years and 65 years, were included in the study. Both partners were treated and advised to use barrier contraception for the same duration. These women were asked to come back after six weeks for Pap smear and VIA follow-up tests. Patients with persistent inflammation, even if VIA negative, were then referred for colposcopy and guided biopsy. Results: Out of a group of 320 women, 234 (73.13%) had an initial Pap smear report suggesting inflammation. Out of all the women who were examined, 21% had normal colposcopic findings while 79% had abnormal findings. After a histopathological examination (HPE), it was found that 69% of women had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 23% had CIN II, 6% had CIN III, and 3% had SCC. Additionally, 25% of women tested positive for HPV DNA and 75% of women tested negative for HPV DNA. Conclusion: It is important to repeat an inflammatory smear test because persistent inflammation can cause dysplasia. Patients with persistent inflammatory Pap smears despite undergoing treatment show changes on Colposcopic directed biopsies. In addition to a Pap smear, VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) ......

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Cake is a sweet and tasty baked product consumed globally and can be a source of food poisoning or microbial food contamination. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms in cakes. Ten (10) cake samples obtained from major bakers in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria were analyzed, and the Isolation and identification of microorganisms was done using standard microbiological procedures. A total of ninety (90) isolates were isolated in this study on Day 1, Day 3 and Day 7 based on microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The percentage occurrence of micro-organisms isolated on Day1, Day3 and Day7 respectively were Aeromonas Spp (3.1%, 0% and 34%); Bacillus Spp (6.3%,3.5% and 0%); Candida albicans (21.9%,27.6% and 27.6%);Escherichia coli (31.2%, 17.2% and 13.8%); Klebsiella spp (0%,3.5% and 0%); Micrococcus spp (0%,0% and 10.3%); Proteus spp (6.3%, 6.9% and 0%); Pseudomonas spp (9.4%,6.9% and 0%); Salmonella spp (0%,10.3% and 20.7%); Staphylococcus aureus (9.4%,10.3% and 6.9%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.1%, 6.9% and 17.2%) and Streptococcus spp (9.4%,6.9% and 0%). E.coli was the highest occurring microbe from cake samples in Day 1 (31.2%), and second highest in Day 3 (17.2%); while Candida albicans was the second highest in Day 1 (21.9%) , highest in Day 3 (27.6%) and highest in Day 7 (27.6%).The findings from this study depicts that cakes used in parties and events can be contaminated by several microorganisms and this can serve as a source of food contamination and poisoning. However, bakers should be deliberate regarding proper personal hygiene, storage containers/conditions and vending equipment to avoid the contamination of cakes by microorganisms.