ABSTRACT
Makala hii imewasilisha uchunguzi uliofanywa kuhusu michakato na mbinu zilizotumika katika uundaji wa toponemia katika jamii. Lengo mahsusi la utafiti huu lilikuwa kupambanua miundo ya toponemia katika eneo la Mwimbi na Muthambi jimboni dogo la Maara. Maeneo haya yaliteuliwa kwa vile yalihusiana kilugha na kiutamaduni hasa katika suala la onomastiki. Nadharia ya Ujinaishaji ndiyo ilitumiwa kuongoza utafiti huu. Data ya utafiti huu ilikusanywa kwa kupitia kwa ya mahojiano ya ana kwa ana pamoja na hojaji. Mahojiano yalimwezesha mtafiti kupata data ya kutosha na halisi moja kwa moja kutoka kwa wahojiwa. Hojaji ilimwezesha mtafiti kukusanya data kwa urahisi katika maeneo mengi na kutoka kwa sampuli kubwa. Walengwa katika utafiti huu walikuwa wakaazi wa Mwimbi na Muthambi. Usampulishaji ulifanywa kimaksudi kwa kuhusisha machifu 5 wa kata 5 za Mwimbi na Muthambi na manaibu wa chifu 25 kutoka kata ndogo 25 za eneo hili. Watawala hao walichaguliwa kwa sababu wao ni wenyeji wa eneo hili walio na habari kuhusu maeneo yao ya utawala, na hivyo wangetoa habari kamilifu kuhusu maswali ya utafiti. Sampuli nyingine ya Wazee 20 wenye umri wa miaka sabini na zaidi walichaguliwa kimakusudi kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimtandao ili kutoa habari kuhusu michakato ya uundaji wa toponemia za shule za msingi katika eneo la Mwimbi na Muthambi. Sampuli ya wazee iliweza kupatikana kwa urahisi kwa sababu ndio wanaopata pesa za wazee na walijulikana katika vijiji vyao. Uchambuzi na uwasilishaji wa data ya utafiti huu ulitumia mkabala wa kimaelezo kulingana na madhumuni na swali la utafiti. Matokeo ya utafiti huu ni marejeleo muhimu kwa watafiti wengine watakaoshughulikia vipengele vya onomastiki katika lahaja ya Kimwimbi na Muthambi. Aidha, utafiti huu ulibainisha michakato mbalimbali ya uundaji wa toponemia katika jamii.

ABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to fill in the knowledge gap regarding the character development found in Hausa literature, especially in Hausa folktales. This study must inevitably rely on primary and secondary sources drawn from (a) fieldwork story collections generated through interviews with storytellers in Kaduna State's Zaria Local Government Area and (b) published works, including Usman (2018), Yahaya (1974), and Josephson Institute of Ethics (2015). There are so many moral lessons that could be derived from Hausa folk tales. This paper has identified the six pillars of the character count inherent in the Hausa folktales. It also explains how folktales in our schools could help uphold core ethical values and instil the six pillars of character count in our students. The Hausa folktales The Dove and the Bush Bird, The Water of Cure, The Mother of the Little Rats, Nababa- Duka's Two Wives, Jealousy, and Animal Kingdom and the Small Ant all contain elements that represent the six pillars of character count: trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and citizenship, respectively. It is suggested that the government should make the teaching of our indigenous languages compulsory so that this aspect of the literary genre that has been integrated into the curriculum could be taught so that the students could learn and appreciate all the six pillars of the Character Counts embedded in the Hausa folktales.

ABSTRACT
This study examined the role of e-learning on academic performance of undergraduate students of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Three research questions guided the study. The population of the study was 850 respondents, comprises 350 academic lecturers and 500 undergraduate students. The study adopted a simple random sampling technique to select 20% of the total population which was 170. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire. Data collected were used to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the instrument using Cronbach alpha techniques. An overall reliability coefficient of 0.89 was established. Mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that e-learning plays a positive role on academic performance of undergraduate students in kebbi state university of science and technology Aliero. The findings of the study revealed challenges militating against the use of e-learning to enhance academic performance of undergraduate students in kebbi state university of science and technology Aliero, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommend among others that kebbi state government should ensure a maximum standard set for the institution to get computer and internet facilities to enhance effective e-learning process in KSUSTA.

ABSTRACT
Utafiti huu wa kionomastiki ulilenga kuchanganua vigezo vya utoaji wa toponemia za shule za msingi katika jamii. Utafiti ulifanyika katika eneo la Mwimbi na Muthambi, jimboni dogo la Maara kwenye Kaunti ya Tharaka-Nithi, nchini Kenya. Nadharia ya Ujinaishaji pamoja na nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi na Matini ziliongoza utafiti huu. Data ilikusanywa kupitia mahojiano ya ana kwa ana pamoja na hojaji. Mahojiano yalimwezesha mtafiti kupata data ya kutosha na halisi moja kwa moja kutoka kwa wahojiwa. Hojaji ilimwezesha mtafiti kukusanya data kwa urahisi katika maeneo mengi na kutoka kwa sampuli kubwa. Walengwa katika utafiti huu walikuwa wakaazi wa Mwimbi na Muthambi. Usampulishaji ulifanywa kimaksudi kwa kuhusisha machifu 5 wa kata 5 za Mwimbi na Muthambi na manaibu wa chifu 25 kutoka kata ndogo 25 za eneo hili. Watawala hao walichaguliwa kwa sababu walikuwa wenyeji wa eneo la utafiti na iliaminika kuwa wangetoa habari kamilifu kuhusu maswali ya utafiti. Sampuli nyingine ya Wazee 20 wenye umri wa miaka 70 na zaidi ilichaguliwa kimakusudi kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimtandao ili kutoa habari kuhusu michakato ya uundaji wa toponemia za shule za msingi katika eneo la Mwimbi na Muthambi. Sampuli ya wazee ilipatikana kwa urahisi kwa kuwa walikuwa wakipokea marupurupu maalum kutoka kwa serikali, na hivyo walijulikana katika vijiji vyao. Uchambuzi na uwasilishaji wa data ya utafiti huu ulitumia mkabala wa kimaelezo kulingana na madhumuni na swali la utafiti. Utafiti huu ulibainisha kuwa toponemia hutolewa kwa kuzingatia vigezo vya kimaumbile, kiuchumi na kijamii. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatatoa marejeleo muhimu kwa watafiti wa baadaye watakaoshughulikia vipengele vya onomastiki katika lahaja ya Kimwimbi na Muthambi na lugha nyinginezo.

ABSTRACT
The 21st century unravels how education needs to provide learners with transformative skills, knowledge, attitudes and competencies to help them maximize opportunities while coping with challenges related with the digital world. Teaching Literature nowadays must target not only literary competence development but also other subjects especially in a world driven by Information Communication Technology (ICT) in all sectors of life. In this study, the researcher delves into the merits and demerits of learning literature in a second language in a digital world. Using questionnaire administered to students in literary combinations, information collected revealed lack of access to some important online materials, few or lack of ICT gadgets, oral tradition dwindling, the copy paste culture, students laziness and little interest in reading among other challenges. Opportunities were identified such as accessible various online sources, fresh materials, easy material storage, research and innovation facilities, English language learning through literature and integration of ICT in literature among others. To produce graduates fitting the needs of the current century, it is pertinent to address the reported challenges and grab the identified opportunities with two hands.

ABSTRACT
The jurisdiction of debt recovery processes seems clear enough under the Constitution. However, in practice, there is usually some complication and certainty on the matter whenever ancillary orders, third party notices and claims arise from debt recovery. This intellectual sojourn therefore considers cases and legislations on this subject matter. An analysis of the enforcement of court orders nationally and beyond borders is also made and recommendations on the way forward have been proposed for better guidance of Law students, law practitioners and the judiciary.

ABSTRACT
Education is one of the institutions in the Philippines that has suffered because of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, school administrators, instructors, students, parents, and other stakeholders face new problems and concerns as a result of the paradigm shift. In the middle of the pandemic, the blended learning modality was adopted in the country in terms of educational means of learning. As a result, dealing with the "New Normal" presented difficulties for private schools. The study on The Science Process Skills Level of Acquisition in Junior High School Students Among Olongapo City Private Schools is especially important and beneficial to education. Cross-sectional descriptive survey research and simple Purposive quota sampling were utilized in the study. The respondents were enrolled in Grade nine junior high school that utilizes blended learning. Based on the result of the study the lowest Science Process skill competence is hypothesizing. The overall performance in Science (Biology) of grade nine pupils in the selected private secondary has a very poor association with amount of learning of science process skills. Teachers' difficulties in teaching science process skills in blended learning were described by a shortage of teaching materials. The study revealed that lack of emphasis on experimentation and the use of technology in the blended learning modality in terms of science particularly in the area of Biology.