ABSTRACT
Makala hii inajadili dhima ya lugha za kiasili, ikiwemo ya Kiswahili, katika kuafikia maendeleo endelevu barani Afrika. Kimsingi, asilimia kubwa ya wenyeji wa bara hili huishi katika maeneo ya mashambani na huzitumia lugha za kiasili katika mawasiliano ya kila siku. Kati ya sekta muhimu zinazoathiriwa na matumizi ya lugha ni pamoja na elimu, habari na mawasiliano, burudani, dini, uandishi na uchapishaji, utunzaji na uhifadhi wa mazingira, afya, kilimo na biashara. Aidha, upatikanaji wa maendeleo endelevu utategemea kwa kiasi kikubwa iwapo wananchi watashirikishwa katika aina mbalimbali za utafiti na matokeo yake kuwasilishwa kwa lugha wanayoielewa ili waweze kuyatekeleza. Makala hii inachukulia kuwa lugha inayo dhima kuu katika utekelezaji wa huduma na shughuli mbalimbali za kitaaluma.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the misconceptions about the motion of the sun experienced by elementary school students in Surakarta by using a three-tier diagnostic test. The descriptive method was applied with a sample size of 21 students from Surakarta elementary school. A three-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test instrument containing 5 items were utilized. The results revealed that the instruments were very well regulated. It was also found that students from Surakarta elementary school has a misconceptions about the motion of the sun. students experienced the following misconceptions: (1) students believe that the sun sets in the sea, (2) the sun is orange, (3) the sun disappears at night, (4) the sun is not a star, ( 5) a solar eclipse is a phenomenon where the shadow of the moon obscures the sun, with the finding of five response patterns that indicate misconceptions, from the test results of 21 students more than 16 that students experiencing these misconceptions.

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, most African women ignore African values and tightly stick to what they learn from western people under the cover of education, emancipation and equality. So, they think that the only role devoted to women in Africa is childbirth. Hence the necessity to carry out this study in order to reveal the traditional roles of African women and the values given to them in Africa. African women will completely forget about their roles and start acting like western women unless something is done so that they should fully play the roles assigned to them. The phenomenological and descriptive approaches are the methodological approaches used in this paper. The literary theories applied to this research work are the feminist criticism which aims at valorising women’s image on the on hand, and the Marxist criticism which is based on class struggle and focuses on power and money in works of literature on the other hand. The study has found that women play an important role in traditional African societies and that the stereotypes which affect them need to be eradicated. The focus of this research work is limited to a critical appraisal of the novel under study with illustrations. The paper recommends and concludes that African women have important traditional roles and that they should play these roles efficiently for the welfare of their families and of society at large.

ABSTRACT
“The Suns of Independence” by Ahmadou Kourouma is considered as one of the prominent novels in African postcolonial literature. Adopting the style of a traditional storyteller, Kourouma creates a new method of expression mixing French language with his native tongue Malinke. For him, this innovative form of writing served as a powerful weapon to mobilize his people for the liberation from colonialism. With this intention, Kourouma aimed to find a means to free his people from the linguistic hegemony of the colonial language. While showing the equality and mutual linguistic dignity of both tongues, Kourouma had become a great defender of African civilization. Our aim, in this paper, is to investigate how Kourouma applied new language style to convey the Malinke experience literally. From Kourouma’s perspective, distorting the French language is an ultimate way to express his ideas and feelings and claim his identity as an African with African civilization.

ABSTRACT
In order to achieve efficient and effective teaching in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions it is essential to give due consideration to the process of Occupational Analysis. The paper discussed the concept of TVET and occupational analysis which is the act of coming up with complete lists of what an individual should perform in a given job. It also discussed the concepts of job, occupation, trade, skill, technical information and course content which are essential in the process of occupational analysis. The paper states the roles of occupational analysis and what all the stakeholders should see to it that are included in the process. The methodology adopted for the study was survey of literature. And finally conclusion was drawn for the study.

ABSTRACT
Virtual learning in Kenya is still in its infancy and was hardly adopted for undergraduate teaching and learning before the advent of C0VID-19 pandemic. Environmental education (EE) being a required course for all undergraduate teacher trainees, the study therefore sought to investigate the effects of methods of instruction on higher learning institutions students’ ambivalence towards environmental education (EE) course in the wake of covid-19. Study population consisted of 478 undergraduate science teacher trainee students from two different cohorts of EE who underwent different modes of instruction in Moi University, Kenya. A sample of 240 (50%) students were randomly selected for the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey, data was collected using online questionnaires and analyzed descriptively, while secondary data on examination performance was analyzed using ANOVA. Results were analyzed to compare the attitudes of the two undergraduate student cohorts who underwent online mode of instruction during the wake of the virulent COVID-19 pandemic with those in the previous year who underwent the conventional lecture hall or face-to-face mode of instruction towards EE course. Results indicated that students’ ambivalence towards virtual learning of EE was highly depended on the mode of instruction adopted during their study; however, there was no significant difference in academic performance (95 % (CI); p > 0.05) for both cohorts in the considered examinations. The study concludes that although students are very positive towards virtual learning of EE however, they are ambivalent in that learning should be within the university environs and not in their rural homes with their major challenge being low campus internet bandwidth. Further, the mode of instruction is unlikely to affect EE academic performance.

ABSTRACT
Teaching and learning in the 21st Century has undergone transformation. Notably, the incorporation of modern technology into teaching and learning has created learning environments where learners are empowered with digital resources that have innovative, collaborative, and participatory opportunities besides many other dynamic learning capabilities. However, there is a need to explore the pedagogical developments around the incorporation of such technology into teaching and learning. This paper examines peer-reviewed research that explores the quality of the framework around technology-enhanced learning environments (TELE’s), their applications, significance, and challenges. The study aims at shaping the understanding of the state of research on technology enhanced learning environments, how it is changing over time and advances a conceptual -driven argument regarding the future of learning in the 21st Century.