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Original Research Article
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Introduction: Astigmatism is a common vision disorder that leads to blurred vision due to the inability of the ocular system to form a sharply focused image on the retina. A child with uncorrected astigmatism experiences blur on a continuous basis and also child has a clear retinal image when looking at a near environment. Objective: The objective of this study was to access the prevalence and risk factors associated with Astigmatism in pediatric population. Method: This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted among 2 to 14 years children with astigmatism of ≥ 1.0 D in either eye. Study conducted from 1st September 2022 to 28th February 2023. Data was entered in Ms-Excel and further analyzed in SPSS Version 12.0. Result: Prevalence of astigmatism was found to be 38.80%. Prevalence in Male was found to be higher 65.20% than in female. Age was found to be statistically significant p = (0.003) with astigmatism. Conclusion: Astigmatism is a common vision disorder that leads to blurred vision due to the inability of the ocular system to form a sharply focused image on the retina. Concerned stakeholder need to screen the problem to minimize preventable blindness in children.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) contribute to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the global prevalence of diabetes expected to rise to 12.2% by 2045, an increasing number of people are at risk for complications like DFUs, which affect 19% to 34% of diabetic patients. People with DFUs carry a 20% lifetime risk of limb amputation and mortality rate of 50% to 70%. In Tanzania DFUs account for 41.9% of major limb amputations and mortality rate of 54%. Methods: A retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the clinical factors, and treatment modalities that influence the management outcomes of diabetic foot among patients attending Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). The study reviewed existing patient records. Results: A total of 143 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 94 (65.73%) were female. The participants had a mean age of 57 ± 13.9 years. And approximately half (50.35%) were married. Nearly, all patients, 140 (97.90%), underwent surgical treatment, nearly half (41.96%) had DFU Wagner Class 3 while most of participants (69.93%) had hypertension. The mean hospital stay was 9.2 days. In binary logistic regression model output, marital status, level of education, working diagnosis, surgical management, patient progress and number of readmissions were identified as determinants of the outcome (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: This study identified key factors influencing diabetic foot outcomes, including gender, marital status, co-morbidities and ulcer grade. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and comprehensive management to improve patient outcomes.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Background: Diseases of the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) have become recognized as a serious and potentially fatal condition due to their increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Determining the risk factors for PAS illnesses has been the subject of extensive investigation. Choosing the best management strategy for PAS diseases requires thought. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the risk factor associated with PAS disorder and observation its management modalities and fetomaternal outcome. Methods: The cross-sectional observatinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from18th January 2020 to 17th July 2020. This study comprised 84 people who had been diagnosed with PAS condition. Patients were divided into three groups based on the management strategy that was employed: Group B (n = 40) had a cesarean section (CS) with cervical inversion and ligation of both uterine arteries; group C (n = 16) had a cesarean hysterectomy with the placenta left in place. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, mean ± SD of age was calculated 32.1 ± 3.3 years for Group – A, 31.7 ± 2.2 years for Group – B and 31.4 ± 1.4 years for Group – C (p-value = 0.415) which explains that there was no significant statistical difference between the groups was observed. About 16 (57.1%), 18 (64.3%) and 3 (18.8%) of them had a parity ≥ 3 in Group-A, Group-B and Group-C respectively. 17 (60.7%) in Group-A and 15 (37.7%) in Group-B of them had ≥2 previous CSs. 9 (31.1%), 11 (27.5%) and 5 (31.3%) of them had previous history of placenta previa in Group-A, Group-B and Group-C respectively. About 8 (25.0%) patients in group-A, 12 (28.6%) in group-B and 6 (55.0%) in group-C had the history of previous ...
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Injection of botulinum toxin type A into both rectus muscles is an alternative to surgery and has given good results in children with infantile esotropia. Reducing the angle of deviation can help restore binocular vision, which in turn will promote motor fusion and allow better control of the strabismus and may even lead to eventual healing. We report the result after 6 months of injection of botulinum toxin in the medial rectus in 6 children with infantile esotropia.
Original Research Article
ABSTRACT
Colon cancer is among the most prevalent and fatal malignancies and among the most deadly type of tumor in the world. Chemotherapy and surgery are the main choices of treatment for cancer patients. However, Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the greats challenges mostly for patients with metastatic lesions. This study will provide a comprehensive review of different mechanisms of colon cancer chemotherapy resistance in cancer stem cells including, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activation of DNA damage checkpoints, hindrance of the over-expression of antiapoptotic regulatory element, the dormant state of colon cancer, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, 5-fluorouracil resistance mechanisms in colon cancer, and the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels will be reviewed. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of chemoresistance in colon cancer are systematically described, which will be beneficial to the further research of chemoresistance in colon cancer.
Original Research Article
Stab Wounds of the Abdomen: Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects in the General Surgery Department of the N'zérékoré Regional Hospital (Guinea)
Bah IB, Oulare I, Loua M, Camara E, Camara K, Soumaoro LT, Fofana H, Toure A
EAS J Med Surg, 2024; 6(9): 295-298
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2024.v06i09.003
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44 Downloads | Sept. 30, 2024
ABSTRACT
Aim: To determine the place of abdominal wounds among abdominal traumas and to describe their clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on analysis of the records of patients seen for abdominal stab wounds in the general surgery department of the N'Zérékoré regional hospital during the period from January 2011 to December 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary parameters were studied. Results: Out of a total of 745 cases of abdominal trauma, we found 89 cases of abdominal stab wounds, a frequency of 12.49%. The average age was 36, with a clear male predominance (78%). Pupils/students were the most represented (32.58%), and criminal assault was the most common circumstance (70.79%). Operative treatment was the most common (74%), and the small intestine was the organ most affected (34.84%); the after-effects were simple in 89.39% of patients, and we recorded 4 deaths (6.06%). Conclusion: Stab wounds of the abdomen are a real public health problem in Africa, especially in low-resource countries such as ours. Surgery is still indicated for severe injuries or complications.
Original Research Article
Prevalence and Pattern of Kidney Disease among Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia at a Tertiary Health Facility in Northeastern Nigeria
Lawan M, Loskurima U, Sulaiman MM, Shettima J, Idrisa JA, Habibu AG, Ladu AI, Amali AO, Chiroma I, Dungus MM, Fugu MA, Ibrahim AT, Ummate I
EAS J Med Surg, 2024; 6(9): 285-294
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36349/easjms.2024.v06i09.002
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59 Downloads | Sept. 28, 2024
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Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common genetic haemoglobinopathies. It is a major public health problem and kidney insufficiency is common among adult patients with the disease. The sickle haemoglobin leads to tissue hypoxia, causing acute tissue damage and chronic organ dysfunction including chronic kidney disease. Aim: To assess the prevalence and pattern of kidney disease among sickle cell patients in UMTH, Maiduguri, Borno State. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 2022 to June 2022 at the GOP and haematology clinics of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Two hundred and forty (240) SCA participants receiving medical care at the outpatient sickle cell clinic were enrolled in the study. An equal number of age and sex-matched controls with Hb AA were also recruited. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic information, clinical history, blood pressure, and anthropometry. Blood and urine samples were taken for serumcreatinine and proteinuria determination respectively. The estimated GFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Data was analysed using International Business Machines-Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 21. P –value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Kidney disease was present in 44.6% of participants with SCA and present in 15% of the controls. The prevalence of hyperfiltration (GFR >120ml/min) and reduced GFR <60ml/min were also significantly higher in the SCA compared with controls 17.5% vs 1.7% and 38.3% vs 12% respectively. (p-value < 0.001). Serum creatinine levels correlated positively with albuminuria (r = 0.178; p = 0.006), while PCV correlated negatively with albuminuria (r = -0.178; p=0.006). The significant predictors of kidney dysfunction were the presence of albuminuria and high diastolic BP, with odd ratio (confidence interval) ...............