ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Detrimental effects of homocysteine on endothelial function are well documented. Plasma Homocysteine (Hcy) levels are elevated in type 2 diabetic patients as well as in pre-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance. In such individuals, plasma Hcy concentration is influenced by the insulin concentration and anti-diabetic therapy such as metformin, glitazones or insulin that can alter the plasma plasma homocysteine. Objective: To find out the Clinical & Demographic Profile with Serum Homocysteine Level among Type II Diabetic Patients and IGT Patients with Normal People. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Total 120 subjects were selected and allocated into three groups, equal number (n=40) in each group. This study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from June, 2019 to May, 2020. Results: The study showed that the mean age of the patients and their BMI were almost similar among the three groups, male female ratio was about 2.5:1. The ccorrelation analysis of different clinical & demographic profile with serum Homocysteine. The correlation between glycemic status and Serum Homocysteine levels of participants, which differ considerably, so that, Pearson correlation & Spearman correlation showed statistically significant difference. Hcy was positively associated with FBG (r=0.296, p<0.001), 2hPG (r=0.078, p=0.004). Similarly positive significant correlation was found with TC (r=7.655, p<0.001), TG (r=13.52, p=<0.05) and HDL-C (r=1.165, p<0.05). Present study showed that levels of Hcy were significantly higher in the type 2 DM group than those in normoglycemic group (19.86 μmol/L vs. 8.72 μmol/L, p<0.001). Similarly levels of Hcy were significantly higher in the IGT group than those in normoglycemic group (17.28 μmol/L vs. 8.72 μmol/l, p<0.001). The mean values of the serum Homocysteine level of Group -1 and Group – 2 showed statistical significant differences ..................

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study to assess on management of surgical site infection at the Islami Bank Medical College Hospital. A total of 1256 respondents were selected for the study. At last January 2016 to march 2021 their socio-economic condition, demographic characteristics, opinion and level about surgical site infection were mainly investigated. The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that is not normally present within the body. Infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Among patients with symptoms suggestive of a Urinary tract infection (UTI) which includes dysuria and frequency, the diagnosis can be confirmed by sending a clean-catch specimen for culture and for urinalysis. One suggested exception recommended by most experts is a symptomatic young woman with pyuria detected by urinalysis dipstick who has apparently uncomplicated cystitis. It has been proposed that the findings are sufficiently diagnostic that an empiric course and usually three days of antimicrobial therapy can be initiated without performing a urine culture. Children who are toilet trained can provide clean voided urine samples. Clean voided bag urine samples are acceptable for urinalysis in infants and children between two months and two years of age who have unexplained fever and do not appear ill enough to require immediate antimicrobial therapy. If the sample suggests infection, then a catheterized urine specimen should be obtained for confirmatory testing and urine culture. Suprapubic aspiration and transurethral bladder catheterization are invasive but are the only valid ways to collect urine for culture in febrile young infants under two months of age and older infants and children with unexplained fever who are younger than two years of age and ill enough to merit immediate antimicrobial therapy. The use of portable ultrasound to visualize the bladder increases the success rate for both suprapubic aspiration and transurethral bladder catheterization. In this review article, we will cover urine sampling, procedure, culture, and dipstick as a tool of UTI analysis in both adults and children.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Acute scrotum is one of the critical emergencies of pediatric urology. Acute scrotum includes various diseases, among which the most prominent are testicular torsion, Morgagni hydatid torsion and epididymitis / epididymoorchitis. The outcome of treatment largely depends on the timely recognition of the disease in question, in order to ensure adequate treatment and a positive outcome per patient. Recognition and verification of these prognostic factors is a challenge in a clinical settings, given the intriguing anatomy of the scrotum and the considerable amount of anamnestic data, clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and laboratory findings. Materials and methods: The research is designed as a retrospective cohort study with the features of observational, quantitative / analytical and applied study. 297 discharge letters were processed from the Clinic for Pediatric Surgery KCUS in the period from 2009-2019. Subjects were divided into 3 cohorts and 6 categories based on treatment outcomes and treatment options. Variables collected from discharge letters contain data obtained from: history inquiries, clinical examination, diagnostic procedures, and laboratory .........................

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine triggered by the ingestion of gluten. It has been associated with auto-immune disorders. Although many similarities exist between the pathogenesis of CD and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), their association has been rarely reported. We describe a case of a 23-year-old woman diagnosed with CD, and one year later developed SLE.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disorder with variable clinical features ranging from mild joint and skin involvement to life-threatening renal, hematologic, or central nervous system involvement. Despite their high frequency in our population, their coexistence is uncommon, reported only in few case reports, raising hypotheses about shared pathogenetic mechanisms. We report a 43-year-old female with psoriasisaccompanied by SLE.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Repair of congenital heart diseases has become a routine in infancy because of the physiological benefit of promoting normal growth and development, limiting the pathophysiological consequences of cardiac defects such as volume overload, pressure overload, and chronic hypoxemia. The concept of “fast track” postoperative care postcardiac surgery, predicated on early extubation, has been present for the last two decades. Advances in surgical techniques and postoperative management have altered the expectations for mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery. Objective: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the timing of first extubation and compare the outcome of patient extubated early with others; we also evaluated the predictors of early extubation in our cohort. Materials and Methods: Between Julys to December 2019, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh 60 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were preoperatively selected for post-operative admission in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) and were included in this study the PACU pathway. This study included children <1 year of age undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Timing of first extubation was noted, and patients were dichotomized in the group taking 6 h after completion of surgery as cutoff for early extubation. The outcome of the patient’s extubated early was compared with those who required prolonged ventilation. Variables were compared between the groups, and predictors of early extubation were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: One hundred and ninety four (33.8%) patients were extubated early including 2 extubation in operating room and 406 (70.7%) were extubated within 24 h. Four (0.7%) patients died without extubation. No significant difference in mortality and reintubation was observed between groups. Patient extubated early had a significant lower incidence of sepsis (P=0.003) and duration.....................