ABSTRACT
The British colonial administration in implementing various Fulani cattle herder schemes in the Bamenda Grass fields of Cameroon created a cleavage between the Fulani and the indigenous communities. This cleavage made it impossible for the new people to acquire local citizenship anywhere. This eventually was used by the unscrupulous and exploitative post-colonial administrators to deprive the herdsmen of their financial and judicial rights in the Bamenda Grass fields. Oftentimes, the same was used as a wedge by the administrators against inter-ethnic solidarity between the Fulani and the indigenous communities during anti-government political developments in the region. In either case, the rights of the Fulani people were abused by the administrators. That is, without ethnic citizenship, the Fulani were easily frightened by these administrators and forced to pay in kind or in cash for their land disputes with the locals to be annulled, shelved or abandoned. The same was used to obtain Fulani support during political upheavals in the region. The rights of Fulani can only be rendered less susceptible to abuse by bridging the differences created by the British colonial administrators between the indigenous peoples and the herdsmen in the Bamenda Grass fields.

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to analize whether any difference in the performance of Bank BTN during covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia between 2020 and 2021. The methodology used for data analysis is a non-parametric difference test, while for data that is not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test is used. The results of the study showed that there was no difference in the performance of Bank BTN during the covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia between 2020 and 2021.

ABSTRACT
Case presentation: We report a case of a 24-year-old African woman who was gravida 2 para 1 with no living child. who underwent an emergency caesarean section due to placenta previa at 37 weeks + 5 days. She gave birth to a male baby weighing 2.7 kg and had an Apgar score of 8 and 10 in 1st and 5th minute respectively. She sustained postpartum hemorrhage and anemia which was further complicated by gross hematuria post-delivery. After several days of conservative management with bladder irrigation and blood transfusions, she recovered and was discharged home; passing clear urine. Conclusion: Hematuria in puerperium can cause diagnostic dilemma to the obstetricians and has the potential of causing morbidity to patient.

ABSTRACT
This study sought to investigate major factors that have influenced the patterns of built structures along Nairobi riparian zones using an analytical approach and some aspects of correlations. The study employed a descriptive research design with various data collecting methodologies, including questionnaires, photos, interviews, and secondary empirical support. The areas covered by the study fall within the Upper Nairobi river basin, which includes Upper Mathare, Motoine, and Nairobi river tributaries. A population of 270 households was sampled within the three areas. Main economic activities in these areas include small businesses, farming, informal and formal employment, as well as Juakali activities. About 59% of the Motoine catchment households understand the term riparian, and 27% do not. In the Nairobi river catchment, 73% understand the term riparian, while the other 27% of the population do not, while in Mathare River, 83% of the household understand a riparian, and 17% do not. Corruption and greed was the main cause of encroachment as observed by 86% of the population, 34% attributed poor leadership, 71% cited lack of law enforcement, and 40% cited ignorance among the people and in government. A positive correlation was identified between the knowledge of riparian and problem of encroachment. In the Motoine River (Pearson’s R= 0.715). Nairobi river (Pearson’s R=0.54) very strong correlation (Pearson’s R= 0.946) was established in the. The study found that the main drivers that influence built structures in riparian zones are overpopulation, poverty, lack of alternative land, ignorance, lack of law enforcement in the government, and corruption. The study established that a high level of ignorance and low levels of formal education as the main contributor to discounting riparian protection among the residents. Lack of law enforcement, political interference, and high levels of corruption in the government attributes to be the cause of undue degree ..........

ABSTRACT
Kenyan’s need to use information systems in order to increase efficiency of operations within their enterprises. Survival of businesses to beat competition depends on their ability to use information systems. Those SMEs that use information systems are able to compete with their rivals in larger firms. Information systems allow SMEs to cut down costs, make better products and offer quality service to customers. SMEs that have integrated information systems are able to cut down cost and provide better services to customers. SMEs in developed economies have exploited the full benefits of information systems unlike those in developing nations like Kenya. This is so because of the slow development of information systems within SMEs in developing nations. There are a number of challenges experienced by SMEs in developing countries that impedes the adoption and use of information systems. These challenges include; poor ICT infrastructure, lack of management support, inadequate user expertise and poor information storage. This study sought to investigate how these challenges affect performance of SMEs in Embu County, Kenya. The study targeted 250 SMEs with a total of 400 employees. Stratified random sampling was employed to select 80 employees from the targeted population. Primary data was collected using closed and open-ended structured questionnaires with reliability coefficient of 0.6 and above. Data was collected using drop and pick method. It was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using SSPP 20. Descriptive analyses were done using tables, graphs, mean and standard deviation. Inferential analysis was based on multiple regression models. The study revealed that SMEs had adequate ICT infrastructure that enabled them communicate effectively with their stakeholders. The study also found that staff had adequate Skills and knowledge in ICT that enabled them use ICT tools efficiently. The study concluded that ICT infrastructure, Management support,...

ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to analyze the implementation of Accrual-Based Government Accounting Standard which was regulated by Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 at Bekasi City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency in presenting local government financial statements. Primary and secondary data was used in this study. The data used in this study was analyzed with qualitative descriptive method, a suitable method that is also in line with the objective of the study to find out the implementation of Government Accounting Standards on Bekasi City Financial Statements of 2021. The result of this study indicates that Bekasi City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency has implemented Government Accounting Standards) in presenting 2021 Bekasi City Government Financial Statements. Additionally, Bekasi City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency also managed to face the challenges of implementing accrual-based government accounting, including accounting system & IT based system, leadership commitment, competent human resources, resistance to change, as well as environment.

ABSTRACT
Land acquisitions are not limited to foreign-owned operations. Recent studies mention the role sometimes played by national elites in major land acquisitions. This issue is of particular importance in Côte d'Ivoire, where the Ivorian elites have become very interested in land in recent years. The involvement of these national elites in plantation agriculture is not new. In the past, access to land by elites for the creation of coffee, cocoa or palm plantations was achieved through the granting of rural land to barons of the regime during the declassification of forests, or through customary procedures in the villages of origin, for those originating from the forest zone. Since the 2000s, the dynamics of land acquisition by the Ivorian elites has taken another form, with widespread recourse to the land market. This dynamic will become more pronounced three years after the military-political crisis. The study is essentially qualitative. The analysis is based on data collected in 2017 from 40 buyers and 31 sellers. This text sheds light on the logics of access to land for the creation of rubber plantations, the pragmatic strategies of land appropriation by elites and the land and social issues induced by these land transfers in the post-conflict period.