ABSTRACT
Background: Maintaining one's professional competence in today's quickly evolving environment is essential, and it is crucial that nurses at all levels of the healthcare system demonstrate an interest in continuing professional education that lasts a nurse's whole career. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors motivating nurses’ participation in continuous professional development in Kenya. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Narok County Referral hospital. A mixed method approach, which provided for triangulation that sought convergence and corroboration of the results from questionnaire, was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 40 respondents for the study. Data was checked for completeness and consistency and then entered into SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics used included frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings: Results of the mean and standard deviation revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that career development prospect had motivated them to participate in continuous professional development (M =4.15, SD =0.802). Similarly, the respondents were of the view that they participated in continuous professional development in order to keep themselves up to date with the constant changes in the nursing profession (M =4.40, SD =0.810). Upgrade skills and knowledge and to increase professionalism was another factor that motivated nurses to participate in continuous professional development as depicted by the mean and standard deviation (M = 4.30, SD = 0.939). Conclusion: Due to the complexity of the health care system, nurses are required to remain relevant in their area of practice. Continuous professional development equips the nurse with knowledge and skills to perform nursing care professionally. The critical component in achieving favorable results for quality patient’s nursing care is achieved by lifelong learning through continuing professional

ABSTRACT
Women's access to land ownership in Côte d'Ivoire remains a challenge despite a multitude of legal and institutional arsenal favouring their access to land ownership. Moreover, Article 12 of the Ivorian Constitution reaffirms equal access to property for women and men. However, it is clear that the above-mentioned difficulties persist. What are the explanatory elements of land insecurity in rural areas for women? The legal and institutional elements alone are not sufficient to understand this work. Beyond the usual explanatory factors, a reading based on intersectionality allows for an in-depth analysis. In fact, this work first highlights the modes of land tenure and their recompositions, the modes of access and their recompositions, and the organisation of society structures access to land and agrarian practices. Since these elements alone are not sufficient to explain the existence of structural gaps and inequalities of access between women, the theory of intersectionality through the concepts of ethnicity, gender and class (social position and social capital that engenders mobilisable economic, social and political resources). The content analysis enabled the categorisation of women and highlighted the positionalities that facilitate or hinder their access to land ownership. In the end, this study showed that there are inequalities between women in access to land ownership insofar as those with low social capital cannot benefit from full access to their land rights, which confirms our central hypothesis that women's access to land ownership is a function of patrilineal and matrilineal societies and modes of land tenure and their recomposition, associated with the intersection of women's economic, social and political resources in Côte d'Ivoire.

ABSTRACT
In a context of economic fragility and political crisis from 2002 to 2010, Côte d'Ivoire in general and the Autonomous District of Abidjan in particular constitute a booming market for private security. The objective of this study is to analyse the socio-political logic of the development of private security companies in the Autonomous District of Abidjan. The study uses a dual methodological approach (qualitative and quantitative) with appropriate survey tools, namely a documentary review and semi-directed interviews with a category of actors. This enabled us to arrive at the following results: On the one hand, the activities of security companies and their active roles contribute to the maintenance of social and political order. On the other hand, private security organisations fulfil dual functions. That is, a function of social security partners and a function of social security capital of political actors in the reproduction and maintenance of political power.

ABSTRACT
Turbidity poses a big problem in water treatment. One of the processing stages in the water treatment unit is the coagulation/flocculation process to remove turbidity. This study uses coral stone and oyster shell powder as locally available natural coagulants to reduce water turbidity. Coral stone and shell powder have now been widely used as a natural coagulant in reducing Mn, Fe levels. However, using coral stone and shell powder as a natural coagulant is still debated. To determine the effectiveness of using coral stone and shellfish powder as natural coagulants in reducing Mn, Fe, and water turbidity levels using the backwashing method. This research is an experimental study with a pretest and post-test design. The population in this study was all water in community dug wells that were cloudy and contained high levels of Mn, Fe, and a sample of 100 liters was taken for filtering experiments and samples for checking levels of Mn, iron (Fe), and water turbidity. This research was conducted at the Health Polytechnic of the Aceh Ministry of Health from July to November 2021. The water analysis was carried out at the Health Laboratory of the Aceh Environmental Health Department. The laboratory tests were analyzed using the paired t-test and the ANOVA test. The results showed an effect of the treatment of coral stone and clamshells on the decrease in Fe content with a P-value of 0.012 (α < 0.05). Likewise, the Mn content affects the treatment of coral stone and shell powder with a thickness of 40 cm, 30 cm, and 20 cm, which affects the decrease in Mn content with a P-value of 0.001 (α < 0.05). The results showed that Fe levels before entering the shelter had a significant difference with the processing of coral and shell powder with a thickness of 40 cm, 30 cm, and 20 cm. Coral and shells with a thickness of 40 cm, 30 cm, and 20 cm with 15 repetitions can reduce Fe content from 5.2476 ppm to the lowest at 2.4747 ppm. Coral Rock and Shell Powder Effective as a ........

ABSTRACT
Genetic hydrocephalus is a neurological condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows with subsequent and it results in enlargement of the cerebral ventricular cavities. The common cause of the congenital hydrocephalus is the variation in the L1CAM gene, and there is the narrow passage between the third and fourth ventricles. It is suggesting that hydrocephalus is more complicated than the simple CSF , and are many factors which are associated with the genetics of hydrocephalus, the major two factors are the i) telomeres proximity ii) and the more content of Adenine and Thymine [A, T] in the human CH as compared to the other nervous disorders. It is also suggesting that genetics of hydrocephalus is a crucial birth defect, and its genetics is still not completely understood, so it is the most important clinical feature. There are about 43 mutant loci associated with the animals and human hydrocephalus. Among them 9 are associated with animal models and 1 with the human. The most important hydrocephalus gene products are the growth factors, cytokines and many cellular signal pathways in the starting stage of brain development. In this study we will aim to understand the abnormalities in brain cause by the abnormal cellular functioning, and all these cellular events results congenital hydrocephalus. All these studies show that it is the mandolin type of disease with reference to the cellular, molecular genetics, physiological and pathological studies.

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Objective: The main objective of this article is to Investigate the methods used to punish children who engage in unacceptable behaviors and practices in the Nso community. Method: The methodology for this research was informed by the interpretative or constructivist paradigm. The qualitative methodology for this study was ethnography given that the aim was to describe the cultural factors that underpin the beliefs and practices related to the methods of punishing children in the Banso community. Data collection methods were ethnographic techniques that included observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups discussions, informal conversation, life histories and visual images. Direct and participant observations were used in the collection of data on punishment methods for children. Direct observations were also used to focus on child raising practices and education initiatives for children. Attention was focused on punishment practice traditional methods, the behaviour of children and parents in various contexts. Results: This article presents the sociocultural nomination of crimes in Nso community and the different customary punishments methods. Finally, the consequences of society’s perceptions and impressions on traditional methods of punishment play a major role. From the preceding analysis, it is noticed that the Nso ethnic community is doing everything at its level to preserve their traditional methods of punishing children likewise western prescriptions that do well to kick against corporal punishment. This fact results in an almost endless variety of acts and characteristics qualifying as deviant depending on conditions and circumstances. Debates over prostitution, gambling, nudism, cheating and medical quackery, arise from conflicts between norms about such acts. Just as some people consider some acts as deviant, others also become so classified. Social types perceived by some as deviants include reckless drivers, pacifists, racists, “hippie” radicals, ...

ABSTRACT
Electoral sociology, the subject of this study, appears to be a privileged framework for the exercise and understanding of theories of voting, and knowledge of the sociological determinant of voting, a line of thought created to understand electoral behaviour in Cameroon. In order to understand the related logics, a qualitative study was conducted based on a review of the political science literature on explanatory models of voting. Results of this study showed that electoral behaviour at the local level is no longer fixed and is not necessarily a function of political parties. Voters are more informed, more realistic and less predictable. This situation is sustained by the political context, as voters seem to be more aware of issues at stake because they are more directly concerned than in the past and feel solely responsible for their future and their fate with the disengagement of the State in most sectors of the Cameroon economy through decentralisation.