ABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Ceramic veneers are an esthetic treatment which becomes a widespread approach satisfying increasing requirement of patients in terms of esthetics. It is a highly conservative approach treatment compared to total crowns as they require minimally preparation limited to enamel. The success of prosthetic rehabilitation with ceramic veneers depends on several parameters especially when patients are more demanding. That’s why it is necessary to specify the indications and respect the limits of ceramic veneers. This systematic review aims to identify and update veneers Indications in order to ensure patient’s satisfaction and offer long-lasting results. Material and method: A broad search of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ebscohost was conducted using all terms relevant to the subject. Relevant papers published in English and Frech were identified after a review of their titles, abstracts and full reading of papers. The search covered the period from January 2014 to January 2019. Results: A total of 909 articles were found: 18 are duplicated and 774 were excluded. 117 were selected according to the title and abstract. Finally, 69 articles were eligible for the present systematic review. Selected articles discuss veneers indications through 137 clinical reports : A total of 94 female, 38 male and 5 not identified patients.6 patients were under to 18 years, 95 were more than 18 years and 36were not indicated. Conclusion: Ceramic veneers are indicated mainly to perform and correct shape and color. Several parameters should be taken on consideration. Some factors straight away contraindicated this type of restoration as insufficient enamel, pulpless teeth, poor oral hygiene.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Harold Ellis in 1989 said, “the treatment of acute appendicitis is appendectomy – and the sooner it is done, the better.” Delayed diagnosis is associated with increased risk of having a complicated appendicitis, often, a perforated appendix. The desire to make an accurate and prompt diagnosis of acute appendicitis, reduce negative appendicectomy rate and improve the operative morbidity associated with surgery for appendicitis; has remained aflame in surgeons. This desire is almost unmet, especially, in the early stages of appendicitis, in females of reproductive age and in children. In this cohort of patients, making accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult, because of atypical presentation and the presence of swathes of differentials with similar clinical symptoms and the occasional failure of simple radiological tools like Ultra Sound Scan(USS), to clinch the diagnosis. It is therefore imperative to probe the reliability of clinical assessment in making an accurate diagnosis, especially, in areas where the reliability of the results of USS is not strong and there is dearth of high resolution radiological tools of assessment, such as; Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Objectives: We aim to correlate the clinical and histopathological diagnoses .....................

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Mankind has struggled with many diseases throughout its history. Infectious diseases are especially prevalent among the population. According to its scope, such infectious diseases are called pandemics, epidemics. Among the population of Central Asia, a number of diseases, such as plague, plague, malaria, tuberculosis, and ringworm, have caused partial or mass extinction. The characteristics of the geographical distribution of these diseases largely depended on the natural and social geographical conditions of the regions, the lifestyle and traditions of the population. The effects of the Spanish flu pandemic, which has killed nearly 100 million people in the last hundred years among a wide range of diseases, have had a profound effect on the nosogeographic situation, especially in Europe and later in the Americas. Analyzes show that the deterioration of the environment, man's unlimited domination of nature, the deterioration of the ecological situation, as well as the spread of related diseases on earth pose new challenges to medical geography, which studies the causes and patterns. The rapid development of science and technology, the steady increase in human impact on nature and consequently, a number of negative changes in the natural environment have a significant impact on human health. The acceleration of the process of urbanization which in turn causes problems such: as air, water and soil pollution.

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Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their association with anxiety and depression in Tunisian patients. Methods: Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study and completed a socio-demographic survey. Then, TMD and psychological distress were assessed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed with TMD symptoms as the outcome variable. Results: The prevalence of patients with at least one TMD symptom was 29%. Almost two-thirds of subjects (64%) experienced a history of psychological stress. Anxiety symptoms were determined in 58% of patients, while depression symptoms were found in 23.5% of patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, anxiety, depression and stress were significantly related to TMD symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD symptoms in Tunisian patients is not very high. Psychological distress; anxiety, depression and stress are correlated with TMD. Risk factors for patients with confirmed TMD were anxiety, depression, stress and female sex. Thus, further longitudinal research of the causality is warranted.

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Abstract: The present study was conducted for the evaluation of Interleukin (IL)-1b levels in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), intensity of pain, and the amount of tooth movement measured during canine retraction using different magnitudes of continuous orthodontic force. A statistically significant no. of subjects were included for the study (n=16, 6 male subjects and 10 female subjects). The age ranged from 18 to 24 years and all were diagnosed with Class I bimaxillary protrusion. They underwent first premolar extractions prior to participating in the study. The maxillary cuspids were then retracted using a continuous force of either 50 g or 150 g. This was executed using nickel–titanium coil springs on segmented arch wires. The opposite counterpart i.e. mandibular cuspid was used as control. Gingival crevicular fluid was then drawn from the distal aspect of each tooth at defined time intervals. This was followed by the assessment of IL-1b concentrations, pain intensity, using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the amount of tooth movement. ANOVA test, Friedman test and paired t-tests were used for comparisons of IL-1b in GCF, the plaque and gingival indices, and the efficiency of tooth movement on pain perception, respectively. The 150 g group showed the highest level of IL-1b concentration at 24hrs from baseline and at 2 with significant differences compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The mean VAS score of pain intensity from the 150 g force was significantly greater than from the 50 g force at 24 hours (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference in the amount of tooth movement was found between these two different magnitudes of continuous force at 2 months. A 50 g force could effectively induce tooth movement similar to 150 g with less pain and less inflammation.

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Abstract: Childhood obesity is a globally emerging new tobacco which can trigger health problem not only to systemic organs but oral cavity as well; leading to impact in childhood and throughout the life span. The rate of childhood obesity has increased in all age groups among children and adolescents, throughout the world. Childhood dental caries and body weight are associated through the common risk factor of diet. Dentist can play an important role in prevention of childhood obesity by proper treatment of oral cavity problems and by educating parents as well as children.

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Abstract: The prognosis of fixed restorative procedure is largely dependent upon the quality of the interim treatment restorations pertaining to their importance regarding margin fidelity, function, occlusion and esthetics. The need for accurate provisional restorations has led to the introduction of multitude of materials for the same, with considerable variation in physical, biological and chemical properties. While the choice of the particular material and technique rests solely with the clinician, and varies with the patient’s needs. This article highlights the outcome, merits and demerits of provisional restorations fabricated with different materials and different techniques with the sole aim of affording a better understanding and improving clinical performance.