ABSTRACT
Abstract: The present study was conducted for the evaluation of Interleukin (IL)-1b levels in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), intensity of pain, and the amount of tooth movement measured during canine retraction using different magnitudes of continuous orthodontic force. A statistically significant no. of subjects were included for the study (n=16, 6 male subjects and 10 female subjects). The age ranged from 18 to 24 years and all were diagnosed with Class I bimaxillary protrusion. They underwent first premolar extractions prior to participating in the study. The maxillary cuspids were then retracted using a continuous force of either 50 g or 150 g. This was executed using nickel–titanium coil springs on segmented arch wires. The opposite counterpart i.e. mandibular cuspid was used as control. Gingival crevicular fluid was then drawn from the distal aspect of each tooth at defined time intervals. This was followed by the assessment of IL-1b concentrations, pain intensity, using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the amount of tooth movement. ANOVA test, Friedman test and paired t-tests were used for comparisons of IL-1b in GCF, the plaque and gingival indices, and the efficiency of tooth movement on pain perception, respectively. The 150 g group showed the highest level of IL-1b concentration at 24hrs from baseline and at 2 with significant differences compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The mean VAS score of pain intensity from the 150 g force was significantly greater than from the 50 g force at 24 hours (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference in the amount of tooth movement was found between these two different magnitudes of continuous force at 2 months. A 50 g force could effectively induce tooth movement similar to 150 g with less pain and less inflammation.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Childhood obesity is a globally emerging new tobacco which can trigger health problem not only to systemic organs but oral cavity as well; leading to impact in childhood and throughout the life span. The rate of childhood obesity has increased in all age groups among children and adolescents, throughout the world. Childhood dental caries and body weight are associated through the common risk factor of diet. Dentist can play an important role in prevention of childhood obesity by proper treatment of oral cavity problems and by educating parents as well as children.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The prognosis of fixed restorative procedure is largely dependent upon the quality of the interim treatment restorations pertaining to their importance regarding margin fidelity, function, occlusion and esthetics. The need for accurate provisional restorations has led to the introduction of multitude of materials for the same, with considerable variation in physical, biological and chemical properties. While the choice of the particular material and technique rests solely with the clinician, and varies with the patient’s needs. This article highlights the outcome, merits and demerits of provisional restorations fabricated with different materials and different techniques with the sole aim of affording a better understanding and improving clinical performance.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Nowadays, patients are more demanding for fixed implant-supported prostheses. But continuous residual ridge resorption after extraction of teeth is an inevitable mishap that cannot be avoided. Typically, five to ten dental implants are required for full arch rehabilitation of edentulous jaw. Sometimes, patients are not able to afford complex bone grafts and/ or a more number of dental implants. All-on-4 protocol treatment plan could be pivotal for full arch rehabilitation to increase the anterior-posterior spread and decreases the number of dental implants required. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient of failing dentition with fixed implant-supported prosthesis with respect to lower arch and fixed and removable prosthesis with respect to the upper arch. Significant increased in patient’s self-confidence; improvement in the esthetics, phonetics, and masticatory function and patient satisfaction was excellent.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate and compare radiographically the amount of crestal bone resorption during healing and loading period in single implant versus two implant retained mandibular overdentures in totally edentulous patients. Materials & Methods: A total of 20 edentulous patients (12 male and 8 female) with age range of 58.6 years were included in this clinical trial which was completed in 4 phases (clinical and radiographic diagnosis, surgical phase, implant loading phase and bone level measurement phase). The eligible patients were randomly allocated in 2 equivalent groups of 10 participants each per group. The allocation was in 1:1 ratio via randomized chit method. Group I included the case group i.e. single implant and Group II included the control group i.e. two-implants located in mandible. A total of 30 implants were placed in Group I and 20 implants in Group II. Digital intraoral peri-apical radiographs (RVG 5100) were used for measuring the bone level immediately after implant surgery, 1 month, 3 months, 4months and 6 months. Result: The present study showed that there was a mean crestal bone loss of 0.7mm between the tip of the implant and alveolar crest at the end of 6 months after implant placement in single implant group I while 0.67mm in case of Group II two-implant retained mandibular................

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Despite immense investigations in science and technology, natural calamities and crimes keep persisting in human life. Detection of human remains is essential for various reasons including legal, criminal, humanitarian and social grounds. Forensic odontology is a branch of dentistry that analyzes dental evidence to overlap the dental and legal profession. Dental remains can be used for identification as using them is cost effective, reliable and fast. Forensic information from soft tissues of the oral cavity, forensic methods of age estimation, therapeutic and molecular aspects of Forensic odontology has been enlightened. The present article highlights the role of dentist in identification of human, dental remains and crime investigation.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Tongue-tie is a congenital anomaly characterized by a short frenulum that can hinder lingual mobility. The lingual frenulum is an anatomical structure consisting essentially of a very dense network of connective fibers which attaches the tongue to the oral floor, should be permitted adequate space at denture border. Otherwise, it will cause the dislodgement of the denture. The treatment options included frenotomy and frenectomy. Frenectomy is complete removal of the frenum, while frenotomy is incision of the frenum.This case reports a 51 year-old, edentulous male patient with brief lingual frenulum who complained of difficulty in speech, feeding and the instability of his complete mandibular denture which he underwent conventional lingual frenectomy procedure followed by speech therapy sessions.