This study examined the effects of fertilizer subsidy on maize production in the Ejisu-Juaben and Ejura Districts. Primary and secondary data were collected for the study from 300 randomly sampled maize farmers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that there was a considerable positive effect of the subsidy on maize production, as there had been an increase in the quantity of fertilizer applied after the subsidy when compared to those applied before the subsidy with the average total quantity of fertilizer applied increasing from 23.42kg per acre before the subsidy to 68.338kg per acre after the subsidy was implemented. Consequently, there had been an increase in maize yield from 309kg per acre to 498kg per acre after the subsidy and farm sizes increased averagely from 3.26 acres to 3.91 acres after the subsidy. There had been a significant reduction of the price of a 50kg bag of fertilizer from an average of ¢49 to ¢26. Challenges faced by the farmers included the high cost of other inputs; late arrival of the subsidized fertilizer; low prices for produce; and access to credit from formal financial institutions. For sustained maize production, the fertilizer subsidy should be continued, but on the condition that it reaches the farmers on time. In addition the farmers should be assisted with credit to enable them buy the subsidized fertilizer.