Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the organization of radiation protection in the radiology and radiotherapy departments. Methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the radiotherapy and radiology departments of the Mali hospital over a period from December 14, 2014 to March 14, 2015. Data were collected from a questionnaire and an evaluation grid sent to the staff. The evaluation was done using an observation grid and a questionnaire addressed to the staff working in the radiotherapy and radiology departments. The variables studied were: knowledge of the categorization of personnel and work areas, application of the basic principles of radiation protection by the personnel, use of individual dosimeters, and dosimetric monitoring of the premises. The data was analyzed in Excel 2010 and Word 2010. Results: The irradiation technique used was external radiotherapy (ETR). 80.95% did not have any additional training in radiation protection, 80.95% of the respondents recognized the usefulness of the triad of fundamental principles of radiation protection applied in their profession (justification, optimization and dose limitation). 60% believe that the doses tolerated by radiation exposure are regulated at the HDM. In 57% of cases, pregnant women are reassigned to another position in the department during their pregnancy, 76% of examinations are performed under the supervision of radiologists. The design of the rooms, the marking of radioactivity with the yellow cloverleaf and of regulatory zones with appropriate signs, the zoning and the security of sources were verified by the Malian radiation protection agency. Dosimetric monitoring of workers was assured in 90.47% of cases. The plan of the structure was not displayed, the majority of workers used lead aprons to protect themselves (90%), dosimetric monitoring was carried out in 90.47% of cases, and medical surveillance of users was carried out by the occupational physician. ......