Agriculture plays a vital role in terms of job creation for many Ethiopians and the growth and transformational plan (GTP) of the country also puts great importance of this sector to attain its midterm agenda. But many youths have low attitude to be employed in this sector, which aggravated youth unemployment rate in both rural and peri-urban areas. To reverse these problems, active youth participation in small and micro agricultural enterprises is among the necessary measures. Hence, this study identified factors affecting rural and peri-urban youth participation in small and micro agricultural enterprises. The study employed a simple random sampling procedure for data collection. A univariate probit model was used to identify determinants of their participation in available agri-enterprises. The descriptive statistics result indicated that most youths (88.46%) participated in reasons that they took agri-enterprises as job creation opportunities, but 76,92 percent were not succeeded. The probit model result shows that gender, education, institutional arrangement, the distance of credit-providing institutions, and awareness about the profitability of enterprises were significant variables affecting their participation in those enterprises. Therefore, any concerning body should give strong attention to those variables that affected their participation significantly and both positively and negatively.