To characterize goats in the Tunisian oases areas where agricultural purposes and practices and breeders’ distributions allow a better understanding of the dynamics of goat herding, a survey was conducted among 226 farmers in Tunisian oases. In goat breeding systems in the Tunisian south, breeders are often multiactive, and interventions on herds and pastures are minimal. The reproduction type is traditional, a method of natural mating without any intervention from breeders. The average age of breeders was 52.4years. Illiterates represent more than 50%. The recorded rates of adult death and abortion in Tunisian oasis regions are equal to 1.5% and 1.44%, respectively, showing the technical skills of breeders. Three different systems were identified. The first type was the “preoasis and suburban” system, which includes farms located around oases and irrigated areas. This herding type is sedentary; the peak reproduction occurs in spring. Sixty percent of farmers exchange their bulks during the mating season. Farmers (92.5%) do not practice flushing or steaming. Another type of breeding is the “mountain” system, which includes farms at the mountains of the Tamerza chain in the Jerid region and some farms in periurban areas around the villages of Fatnassa and Bechni from Nefzawa. The last system is characterized by its “transhumance and desert”, which mainly includes farms in the desert of Rjim Maatoug. It is a specialized transhumant system where animal husbandry is the main activity of income in this region.