Strongyloidiasis is a soil-borne disease caused by nematodes of the genus Strongyloides. The species most relevant to human health is S. stercoralis. The infection can persist for life if left untreated and occurs in various clinical forms, from asymptomatic to death. It mainly affects tropical and subtropical regions, with an estimated 370 million people affected worldwide, including Mexico. The life cycle of this parasite is complex, with free-living and parasitic stages. Infective filariform larvae penetrate intact skin, reach the lungs and are swallowed, developing in the intestine. Diagnosis is challenging and is based on the detection of larvae in biological samples, as well as serological and molecular tests. The main treatment is ivermectin, effective against adult forms, but multiple rounds may be necessary due to the autoinfectious cycle. Immunocompromised people are more susceptible to severe and disseminated infections. The lack of awareness and resources in endemic areas makes timely diagnosis and treatment difficult. Strongyloidiasis is a neglected disease, receiving less attention and funding for research and treatment development. To address it, efforts are required in education, improvement of the health infrastructure, research and prevention strategies.