Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs in both obstetric and general surgical settings. This review aimed to critically evaluate the prevention and management strategies for SSIs based on evidence published between July 2019 and January 2020. Literature was identified through systematic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using keywords such as “surgical site infection,” “obstetric surgery,” “general surgery,” “prevention,” and “management.” A total of 45 studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and clinical guidelines. The main findings indicate that adherence to perioperative antibiotic protocols, effective skin antisepsis, standardized wound care practices, and enhanced surveillance reduce SSI incidence. In obstetric surgery, cesarean sections pose particularly high risks due to unique physiological and procedural factors. In general surgery, minimally invasive techniques show promising reductions in infection rates compared to open procedures. However, variations in implementation of guidelines and inconsistent monitoring practices were common. The review underscores the need for context-specific infection control protocols and targeted staff training. Future research should focus on antimicrobial stewardship, cost-effectiveness of bundled interventions, and standardized reporting frameworks. This synthesis offers clinicians evidence-based insights to optimize SSI prevention and management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.