Background: Traditional bone setters (TBS) remain integral to fracture care in Nigeria, often serving as the first point of contact for injured patients. Understanding the healthcare journey from traditional to modern medicine is crucial for improving orthopedic outcomes and reducing complications in resource-limited settings. Objective: To analyze healthcare-seeking patterns, treatment delays, complications, and outcomes among fracture patients who visited traditional bone setters before presenting to a Nigerian secondary healthcare center. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Ring Road State Hospital, Ibadan, over 36 months from June 2022 to June 2025. Data from 62 consecutive orthopaedic patients were analyzed, comparing outcomes between TBS users and non-users. Clinical monitoring included complications, amputation rates, and final outcomes using standardized assessment protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: Overall, 45.2% (28/62) of patients visited TBS before hospital presentation. TBS users had significantly higher complication rates (25.0% vs 8.8%, p<0.05, RR=2.8, 95%CI: 1.2-6.7), amputation rates (21.4% vs 5.9%, p<0.05, RR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.2-11.0), and longer delays to definitive care (median 3 weeks vs 3 days). Chronic osteomyelitis was 3.6 times more common in TBS users (21.4% vs 5.9%). Case neglect occurred in 35.5% of patients, with 77% being TBS users. Conclusion: Traditional bone setter utilization significantly increases the risk of complications, amputations, and treatment delays in fracture patients. The study demonstrates urgent need for integrated healthcare models and community education to bridge the gap between traditional and modern orthopedic care in Nigeria.