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Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitaemia and Associated Risk Factors, in Selected Health Facilities within Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpid.2025.v07i04.002
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Malaria continues to remain a serious public health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite substantial investment in malaria control, asymptomatic infections continue to hinder elimination efforts in Nigeria. Individuals with asymptomatic parasitaemia carry transmissible parasites without showing symptoms and therefore remain undetected by routine surveillance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria infection in selected health facilities in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 apparently healthy participants attending five health facilities: Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH), Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Comprehensive Health Centre (CHC) Dadin Kowa, and Vom Christian Hospital (VCH). Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites by Giemsa-stained thick and thin films under light microscopy, and parasite density was estimated per microliter of blood. Demographic and behavioural data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression to determine associations among asymptomatic malaria, demographic variables, and potential risk factors. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 19.5% (78) by microscopy, varying across facilities from 11.2% to 30.0%. Males showed significantly higher infection (26%) than females (15.7%). Low parasite density (<1,000 parasites/µL) dominated (41%), although 24.4% of infected individuals exhibited high parasitaemia despite being asymptomatic. Occupation was significantly (P< 0.05) associated with infection status. Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) did not show significant protective effect (p>0.05), as infection was still common among regular users (19.3%). These findings underscore the substantial reservoir of silent carriers that may sustain malaria transmission in

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Professor Thomas Count Dracula, MD, PhD

Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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