Introduction: The objective of this review was to identify the work carried out on the means of studying the root morphology and canal anatomy of permanent human teeth. Methodology: The search was carried out in the electronic databases Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, using the following keywords: “Root canal anatomy and study methods”, “Root canal anatomy” in “permanent dentition”, “Dental root canal morphology”, “Dental root canal anatomy”. These terms were used separately. Duplicates were removed using the reference management software "Zotero". Titles and abstracts were manually reviewed. Original articles, published in French or English, on the means of studying root morphology and canal anatomy of permanent human teeth were included. Results: A total of 21 articles were selected for this literature review. Two types of study methods are used: in vivo methods which are carried out in the clinic and in vitro methods which are carried out in the laboratory on extracted teeth. Cone beam computed tomography (in vivo) was used in eight studies. The in vitro methods used were Micro-tomography (six studies), Diaphanization technique (five studies), direct vision, Dental Microscope, Two-dimensional Radiography and Micro-tomography (one study), direct observation and Microscope (one study). Conclusion: From this literature review, it should be noted that the means of studying the root morphology and canal anatomy of teeth are in vivo means (two-dimensional and three-dimensional radiographs) and in vitro means (direct vision, molding, operating dental microscope, two-dimensional radiography, diaphanization, anatomical sections, micro-computed tomography).