EAS Publisher | Smart Restorative Materials in Dentistry: From Passive Restorations to Self-Healing, Ion-Releasing, and Stimuli-Responsive Systems

Smart Restorative Materials in Dentistry: From Passive Restorations to Self-Healing, Ion-Releasing, and Stimuli-Responsive Systems

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjdom.2026.v08i05.004

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Conventional restorative materials primarily aim to replace lost tooth structure but remain susceptible to polymerization shrinkage, microcracking, wear, marginal degradation, and secondary caries. The development of smart restorative materials represents a shift toward materials capable of actively interacting with and responding to the oral environment. These materials include self-healing systems, ion-releasing and bioactive materials, and stimuli-responsive systems that respond to changes in pH, mechanical stress, temperature, or other environmental conditions. Emerging evidence suggests potential applications in resin composites, dental adhesives, remineralization, pulp protection, and prevention of secondary caries. However, limitations related to mechanical performance, long-term durability, biocompatibility, manufacturing complexity, and limited clinical evidence continue to restrict their widespread clinical use. This review discusses the current principles, applications, evidence, challenges, and future perspectives of smart restorative materials and their potential to transform conventional restorations into more adaptive and biologically interactive restorative systems.

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