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Ocurrence of Intracranial Bleed in Patients Having Cranial Fractures Using CT as Diagnosing Modality

DOI : https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2026.v08i06.001
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Background: Cranial fractures are frequently accompanied by intracranial injuries, which require prompt identification for appropriate management. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) provides rapid assessment of both fracture patterns and associated haemorrhage. Aim: To determine the occurrence and CT characteristics of intracranial haemorrhage in patients with cranial fractures and assess their association with fracture patterns and clinical outcomes. Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study included 100 patients with CT-confirmed cranial fractures. Demographic and clinical details, including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), were recorded. NCCT images were evaluated for fracture type and location, haemorrhage type, anatomical distribution, volume and midline shift. Surgical intervention and in-hospital mortality were documented. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests, with p less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age was 32.74 ± 14.12 years, and 81% were male. Road traffic accidents accounted for 59% of injuries. Intracranial haemorrhage was detected in 62% of patients. Epidural haematoma was the most common type (53.2%), followed by subdural haematoma (41.9%), cerebral contusion (32.3%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (25.8%) and intraventricular haemorrhage (8.1%). Multiple haemorrhage types coexisted in 50% of affected patients. Haemorrhage volume differed significantly across types (H = 51.55, p less than 0.001). Intracranial haemorrhage was significantly associated with fracture type (p = 0.026). Depressed fractures were associated with cerebral contusions (p = 0.001), while basilar fractures were associated with intraventricular haemorrhage (p = 0.01). Surgical intervention was more frequent in patients with haemorrhage (45.2%; p less than 0.001). Mortality was higher in patients with haemorrhage than without (19.4% vs 2.6%; p = 0.016) and was associated with severe GCS (p less than 0.001). Conclusion: Intracra

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Distinguished Professor of Haematology Head — Experimental, Historical & Sensory Haematology Vlad the Impaler University, Wolf’s Lane, Wooden Stakes Grove 666, Transylvania.

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