ABSTRACT
The goal of the study was to find and choose a more adaptable, higher-yielding forage type. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to arrange the seven elephant grass varieties (16791, 16798, 16840, 16800, 16819, 15743, and local variety). The forage sample's biomass yield and all other agronomic characteristics were calculated, and statistical analysis was used to analysis the data. According to the findings, there was statistically significant (p0.01) difference in dry matter yield amongst elephant grass kinds. Elephant grass cultivars at highland and midland agro ecologies did not differ significantly (p>0.05) in terms of tillers per plant or leaf-to-stem ratio. Elephant grass cultivars 16791, 15743, and 16819 produced the maximum herbage dry matter yield. Under the study locations, these kinds are well suited and suitable as animal feeds. Therefore, it was suggested that livestock farmers use these three types of elephant grass as a source of feed to increase animal output in the study areas and other places with comparable agro ecology.

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in two selected districts of Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia with an aim of assessing the production system, performance and selected egg quality of village chicken reared under traditional management system. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select representative sample and one hundred eight six respondents (186) were interviewed with structured questionnaire. The data were organized and analyzed by using SPSS and SAS. The mean of Eggs per clutch per hen, Age at first lay, and number of clutches per hen/year were 15.82±0.54, 7.08±0.25, 5.26±0.25 and Age of sexual Maturity (Male=7.67±0.306 and female= 8.13±0.301), respectively. The predominate breed is hybrid (59.6%) with village chicken production system. 50.55% of the respondents keep chicken in Perch at one corner in common house, 45.70% were practicing of isolation of sick birds from healthy to prevent disease transmission. The mean of eggs incubated, hatched and hatchability of percentages were (14.5±0.55, 12.5±0.57 and 80.5), respectively. The study revealed that 40.32, 26.2 and 17.32% of respondent’s rear chicken for sale, home consumption and non-defined purpose, respectively. The highest percentage of the respondent’s utilized eggs for selling purpose 30.1% (Mid-land) and 31.7% (High land). Regarding egg storage condition in high land and mid land agro ecology about 21.5% and 18.3% of the respondents store their eggs in inside cold container respectively. The major constraints of chicken production in the study areas were prevalence of disease, high chick mortality, predator attack, shortage of feed and grains and lack of parent stock, respectively. The most economically important disease that attacks chicken was Newcastle disease which is locally known as “Kenbesha” in the study areas.

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to estimate correlation coefficients and direct and indirect effects by path analysis for pod yield per plant and its components by using 64 Peanut genotypes. In the current study, peanut genotypes were assessed for quantitative and qualitative traits during the main cropping season of 2021/22 in the North, Western Ethiopia Metekel zone at Pawe Agricultural Research Centre. The experiment was carried out to assess 64 Peanut genotypes in an 8x8 simple lattice design to generate information on the association of yield and yield-related traits and to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on kernel yield. Data were recorded for 14 traits and subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA using SAS software version 9.4. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between kernel yield per hectare and harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, and shelling percentage at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, respectively which revealed the true relationship between the traits Path analysis was divided into direct and indirect effects for various characters for the kernel yield per hectare. At the phenotypic level, days to maturity, oil content, and shelling percentage had the largest positive direct effects on kernel yield, whereas pod yield and shelling percentage had the highest positive direct effects at the genotypic level. The result indicated that there is a good opportunity to improve kernel yield using the tested genotypes in Peanut breeding programs Therefore, emphasis should be given to pod yield followed by days to maturity, and shelling percentage to increase kernel yield production.

ABSTRACT
Artificial insemination is the manual placement of semen in the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than natural mating which is one of a group of technologies commonly known as “assisted reproduction technologies” whereby offspring are generated by facilitating the meeting of gametes (spermatozoa and oocytes). Artificial insemination is by far the most common method of breeding of intensively kept dairy cattle. In relation to the status, there is a big gap in biotechnology use in general between developed and developing countries, with Artificial insemination being the biotechnology most widely applied in developing countries as compared to other biotechnologies. In developed countries, advances in Artificial insemination have already had a major impact on livestock improvement programmers. Similarly, most developing countries express the wish to increase the utilization of Artificial insemination even though in many cases clear plans for incorporating this technology into animal genetic resource management are lacking. Artificial insemination speeds up genetic progress, reduces the risk of disease transmission and expands the number of animals that can be bred from a superior parent. In Ethiopia, even though this service has been in operation for over 30 years with different levels of intensification, its efficiency has remained at a very low level due to infrastructural, managerial and financial constraints and also due to poor heat detection, improper timing of insemination and embryonic death.