ABSTRACT
Study on the Etiology of mango (Mangifera indica) tree mortality was conducted in some Fadama (Lowland) Areas of Sokoto metropolis, with the aim of determining; early visible symptoms associated with the diseases that lead to the death of mango trees and identify the pathogens responsible for the diseases. Mango owners were selected from four different locations; besides Kwalkwalawa, Tori farm, Western Bye pass and Tashar Illela Bridge. Random sampling was used to identify 50 respondents who were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers knowledge and perception on most frequent early visible symptom that often leads to the death of mango trees were determined, the result showed significant variation on farmers perception on the possible cause of mango tree mortality as there were various factors such as insect, pathogens and abiotic stress. Based on the information obtained, samples were collected using purposive sampling procedure and the pathogen was isolated and identified as Fusarium solanii. It was concluded that farmer’s choice to take certain management practices such as pruning and irrigation on the farms not solely for the management of mango trees on the farms, but primarily for the benefit of their intercrops. Also, there are about eight different symptoms associated with the diseases responsible for the sudden death of mango trees in the study site. These include; gum exudation, bark splitting, discoloration and darkening of the bark, wilting of leaves, root decay, whitish substance on and around the root surfaces and wilting of branches. The study recommends awareness creation on good orchard management practices, regular monitoring of the orchards by the farmers and establishing link with expert by the farmers for advice

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the fungal pathogens which isolated from oral cavity of camel in bordered Local Government Areas of Sokoto State. Fourty (40) samples of camel oral cavity were collected from camel herds in Illela, Gada, Gudu and Sabon Birni Local Government Areas in Sokoto and were analyzed using microbial culture, fungal staining and microscopic features. The results of the study revealed that all the fourty samples of camel oral swab collected and analyzed were positive for fungal growth. The fungal pathogens isolated from the oral swab samples were Aspergillus flavus (20), Mucor spp. (12) and Candida tropicalis (08), which is classified in to (30) species of mould and (10) species of yeast. The study shows that fungal pathogens present in the oral cavity of camel were mainly mould with least occurrence of yeast. Consequently, is recommended that public and National awareness campaign that involves the raising of standard of living and hygiene mostly in the rural areas can help to educate the herders on the dangers associated with Oro-fungal thrush of camels