ABSTRACT
Purpose. To determine the frequency of development of aspirin resistance in patients with coronary heart disease and to identify risk factors for the development of resistance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with coronary heart disease. Material and Methods: 96 patients were enrolled in this study with stable forms of ischemic heart disease who received a standard dose of aspirin 75 mg/day for a long time. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the prescription of ASA. Group 1 consisted of patients who did not receive aspirin, the second group consisted of patients taking aspirin up to 1 year, the third group consisted of patients taking aspirin from 1 year to 5 years, and the fourth group included patients taking aspirin for more than 5 years. An addition, according to the results of determining aspirin resistance, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Platelet aggregation was measured using a laser analyzer: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with 1.0 and 5.0 μmol was used. Resistance criterion: ADP ≥72% at 5.0 μmol. Results: 17.7% of patients who took aspirin in a standard dose of 75 mg/day were resistant to aspirin, and a third of them took aspirin for more than 5 years. According to the results of a study of platelet aggregation activity, the average degree of platelet aggregation with 5.0 μmol of ADP was 82.4% in patients with no reaction to aspirin. An inadequate response to aspirin was reliably often observed in women and the elderly (58.8% and 70.5%). When analyzing the results of routine laboratory studies in patients with aspirin resistance, there was a tendency to higher levels of cholesterol and glucose (p˂0.05). Possible risk factors for the development of ASA resistance are hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, since aspirin resistance was more common in patients with diabetes (13 out of 17) and obesity (11 out of 17).Conclusion: High rates of ADP-induced platelet aggregation were obtained in ¼ patients with coronary heart disease. A

ABSTRACT
Chemical hazards which emanate mainly from contact and inhalation of fuel are recognized to have profound impact on human health. Fast urbanization trends have resulted in a tremendous rise in the number of transportation vehicles, thereby, resulting in the increased need of petrol. Long-term exposure to petrol fumes has deleterious effects on body. The rapidly multiplying number of automobiles in most cities is causing a corresponding increase in air pollution, which is a cause of grave concern. Also, the failure to use personal protective equipment poses a great risk for the petrol-filling workers.

ABSTRACT
Obtaining appropriate blood specimen is central towards provision of reliable results in a clinical laboratory. To ensure that blood specimen collected for analysis reflect the physiologic or pathologic processes they represent, potential sources of pre-analytic errors should be identified and avoided. Our study aimed at determining the pattern of blood specimen rejection in a public clinical laboratory with a view of identifying inadequacies that should be improved upon. The sample rejection register at the Haematology laboratory of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria was accessed for a two-year period data on number of specimens rejected, reasons for rejection, types of tests for which rejections were made and affected clinical units; and the retrieved data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Of the 53,955 specimens received during the study period, 122 were rejected giving an overall specimen rejection rate of 0.23%. Incomplete specimen labelling and clotted specimens were the commonest reasons for specimen rejection having accounted for 59.8% (73) and 30.3% (37) of the rejections respectively. Coagulation Screening Tests and Packed Cell Volume had the highest rejection rates of 52.5% (64) and 18.0% (22) respectively. The Accident and Emergency (A&E) and Emergency Paediatric Unit (EPU) recorded the highest rates of sample rejection with 31.1% (37) and 11.8% (14) rejection rates respectively. We concluded that the reasons for blood specimen rejection in our public clinical laboratory could be avoided via the use of appropriate and properly labelled specimen containers and avoidance of faults in specimen collection, storage and transportation to the laboratory.

ABSTRACT
Each year many lives are lost due to cardiac arrest in the special environment of an airplane cabin. Early defibrillation is the most important point in survival after cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation. In addition to the emergency medical kit, the semi-automatic defibrillator is becoming necessary equipment on commercial long-haul aircraft. Proper use of this equipment requires good crew training and the integration of defibrillationinto the survival chain and it is part of aeromedical assistance.

ABSTRACT
Unless and until a proper solution is made and adopted in the health care delivery systems throughout the world to combat COVID-19, some experimental drugs are employed everywhere on the globe in the management of COVID-19. Number of times chemical drugs have proven fatal as well, unfortunate part is “drug induced fatalities” if we are not wrong these fatalities are included in the number of deaths due to COVID-19. The need of the hour is to reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19/ COVID-19 drugs. Our motive is to design a formulation which can not only provide the symptomatic relief but will act as anti-retroviral and at the same time will be safe for oral administration. This review paper is based on the same ideology. We have designed a decoction, a diet module and a formulation for inhalation with scientific evidences. That is why we choose only those herbs in formulation which are strongly anti-retroviral. The herbs with weak potency were excluded otherwise there are more than seventy-five herbal drugs with similar actions. Many times, we need booster doses when virus is quantitively or qualitatively more virulent that is why we have given emphasis to the anti-retroviral diet so that the better result is achieved. The purpose of inhalation is the Nano particles of herbs shall reach easily to the target tissues.