ABSTRACT
Lasers have been widely used in most fields of dentistry for many years, and they have recently gained popularity in orthodontics. Its use has allowed orthodontists to overcome some of the difficulties associated with traditional orthodontic treatment procedures. These include direct chair side clinical orthodontic procedures, adjunctive orthodontic and laboratory procedures. This review article is about the applications of lasers in field of orthodontics.

ABSTRACT
The objectives of this retrospective, observational study are to compare the compliance and tolerance rate between elderly and non-elderly patients with colorectal cancer, and to ascertain the stage at presentation. All adult patients with diagnosis colorectal cancer who received first line chemotherapy (adjuvant or palliative) between January 2017-January 2019 were included. Data on demographic, clinic-pathological, treatment and patient outcome were collected. Toxicity data was collected as they appear. These data were then analyzed using IBM®SPSS® Statistics Version 24. Sixty-four patients were included. There were almost equal numbers of elderly and non-elderly patients. Thirty-five patients were Malay (54.7%), Chinese 26 (40.6%) and Indian 3 (4.7%). Their age ranges from 38-82 years old. Most patients received FOLFOX regimen (73.4%), followed by Mayo regimen and capecitabine (10.9% each). There was no significance difference in the type of chemotherapy and number of cycles given. The majority received combination therapy rather than single therapy. There was no difference in the terms of toxicity between the study populations. Thirty-three percent of elderly and thirty-five percent of non-elderly patients had no documented chemo-toxicity. The most common toxicity is neutropenia, followed by thrombocytopenia and anaemia. In total, 25% (16 patients) did not complete their chemotherapy for various reasons. Nine were elderly patients (56.3%). Presentation at Stage 3 and 4 accounted for 70.3% (45 patients) of the study population. Elderly colorectal cancer patients’ should be treated with equal therapeutic opportunities as their younger counterparts. Biological age should be considered when deciding treatment regime rather than chronological age.

ABSTRACT
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. It mainly concerns postmenopausal women. The objective of our work is to report the experience of the radiotherapy oncology department of the oncology-hematology hospital (HOH) of the Mohammed IV University Hospital of Marrakesh in the management of endometrial cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 85 cases of endometrial cancer treated by radiotherapy (external radiotherapy and /or brachytherapy) in our institution between 2014 and 2019. The data collected from our patients concerned the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this cancer. The median age of the patients was 58 years [37, 82], 88% were postmenopausal. The average consultation time was 08 months. The master symptom was post-menopauseal bleeding in 85% of the patients. Pathological examination showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma in 83% of cases. After workup, 51% of patients were stage I (IA 17%, IB 35%), 25% stage II, 23% stage III (IIIA 3%, IIIB 9% and IIIC 10%) and 1% stage IVA according to the classification of the International Federation of Obstetric Gynecology (FIGO). After surgery, 77% of patients received external beam radiation therapy. The dose delivered was between 46 and 50 Gray (Gy) over a mean spread of 42 days associated with concomitant chemotherapy in 16% of cases. Intravaginal brachytherapy was delivered to 98% of patients. It represented the only adjuvant treatment in 27% of cases, after external radiotherapy in 73% of cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy was received in 36% of patients. After a mean follow-up of 3 years, 82% of patients were still followed in a situation of good control of their disease, 8% of cases of local recurrence and 10% of distant metastasis.