ABSTRACT
Abstract: The study was designed to the phytochemicals, heavy metals (Cu, Ca, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe and Mg) and N.P.K analysis of crude leaf extract of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Linn Moraceae. Phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaf, obtained by the cold maceration method, indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phlobatannins, thiols, anthroquinone, protein and amino acids, resins, fixed oils & fats, and phytosterols. Qualitative estimation of phytochemicals was performed in different solvent extracts, namely ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts. The results were represented as ‘+’ for the presence and ‘–‘for the absence of phytochemicals. N.P analyses were done by total Kjeldahl digests by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and K analysis was done in Kjeldal digests by Flame photometry method. The result of breadfruit crude leaves extracts revels that the highest amounts was that of Ca (57690.19 mg/kg), followed by Mg (4358.51mg/kg), whereas the least amount was that of Cu (3.17 mg/kg). GC/MS did not detect Ni. N.P.K. analysis shows the highest percentage was that of potassium in A. altilis leaves, followed by Nitrogen, the least percentage of Phosphorus.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: The vegetative and productive behavior of banana genotypes was evaluated in Lavras - MG, in order to select the ones with the best characteristics such as cluster and fruit size, production cycle, size, resistance to diseases and tolerance to drought and cold in conditions. The following genotypes were evaluated: Silver - 'Maravilha', 'Vitória', PA94-01 and PV94-01; type Apple-YB42-03 and type Nanicão - FHIA 17, being the cultivars Prata Anã et al., used as witness. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replications and plots with 16 plants in the 3.0 m x 3.0 m spacing. All the genotypes of the Silver type presented bigger mass of the bunch and of fruits and cycle of production and size similar to those of the Silver one. The fruits of PA 94-01 were very similar to those of Prata Anã in size and general appearance. The genotype FHIA 17, in spite of the greater size than the Grande Naine cultivar, produced larger bunches in mass and number of fruits, with a similar production cycle and fruit size. The genotype YB42-03 produced slightly larger curls than the cultivar Maçã, with size and similar production cycle. However, the aspect of the fruit is quite different from this cultivar with the advantage of being resistant to yellow Sigatoka and tolerant to the Evil of Panama. Considering the productivity, size, appearance of the fruit and greater tolerance to yellow Sigatoka, genotype PA94-01 can be recommended for commercial scale planting.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: There is a traditional belief that, Nigella sativa seed, commonly known as black seed possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to reveal the antmcrobial and antioxidant property of Nigella sativa seed extract to find out the scientific basis of that belief. For that, powder was made from collected Nigella sativa seed and seed extract was prepared by Soxhlet Method. Qualitative screening for secondary metabolites was performed with Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Sterol, Terpenoids, Camcf7io Glycosides and Phenols. Quantitative Assay of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH Method. Antibacterial and antifungal activity were done by disc diffusion and tube dilution method. Results showed that N. sativa extracts had highest activity against B. subtilis (20 mm zone). MIC values against all the strains were recorded to be < 100 μg/mL. Antimicrobial activity found to be promising from 100-500 μg/mL, whereas moderate from 500-1000 μg/mL and over 1000 μg/mL the extract showed very weak response. N. sativa presented a significant activity against E. coli and A. alterneria with MIC of 5.85 mg/mL and also against B. subtilis, P. multocida and A. niger with MIC of 23.43 mg/mL. Overall, the antimicrobial activity against fungal strains was low versus bacterial strains.

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important oilseed crop is a rich source of oil and protein. Molecular marker technologies are the effective tools and they are used for the assessment of genetic variability because they are not influenced by the environment. Among the molecular markers, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) has proved to be the most powerful tool for variety identification in groundnut and has much potential in genetic and breeding studies. Through morphological variability was reported to be very high in groundnut, but the polymorphism revealed at DNA level using different SSR primers was found to be low initially. With the use of more number of primer combinations, substantial polymorphism was detected among different cultivars of cultivated groundnut species. SSR or Microsatellite-based markers therefore represent a useful tool for dissecting genetic variations in cultivated crops, especially groundnut. The SSR markers could discern variations and differentiate between the closely related groundnuts genotypes, makes this technology a powerful tool for genomic characterisation of groundnut.