ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to assess bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens) for replacing chemical fertilizers to produce organic crop with improvement of Aloe vera root for increasing absorption efficiency micro and macro elements to prevent of ecological effects in the glassy greenhouse in Hassan Abad, Semnan. Aloe vera was planted an offshoot in the pots on 20/6/2009. This research was designed as Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in three repetitions with four treatments as follows: (first treatment: control, second treatment: Azospirillum brasilense bacteria, third treatment: Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and fourth treatment: integration of A.brasilense and P.fluorescens. Physiological growth parameters were; total fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, length of the biggest leaf, length of the biggest root, leaf number, offshoot number, area of the biggest leaf, plant total area, measuring of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium elements of the plant in two continuous years. Data were analyzed by using MSTAT-C software and comparison of means by Duncanʼs multi-range test (LSD). The results showed that P.fluorescens treatment vs. control and second treatment (A.brasilense) and fourth treatment (combination of two bacteria) was statistically higher in fresh and dry weight of shoot, number, length, and area of the leaf, plant total area and amount of Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium elements. A.brasilense treatment vs. control and third treatment (P.fluorescens) and fourth treatment (combination of two bacteria) was statistically higher in total fresh weight and offshoot number. The fourth treatment (integration of two bacteria) vs. control and second treatment (A.brasilense) and third treatment (P.fluorescens) was statistically higher in fresh and dry weight of root and length of the biggest root. The results declare that use of P.fluorescens bio-fertilizer as compared

ABSTRACT
The objectives of present study was to evaluate antifungal activity of plant extracts viz. Adhathoda vasica Nees, Capsicum annum L., Curcuma longa L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill,Phylanthus emblica Gaertn.,Piper niger, and Terminalia bellerica L. alone and in mixture with Aureofungin against resistant mutant of Alternaria alternata causes fruit rot of grapes. All tested plant extracts showed some Antifungal activity, the results revealed that the individual PCE of Piper niger (72.46 & 58.72); Adhathoda vasica Nees (70.54 & 62.24); Phylanthus emblica (61.13 & 48.94); Carcuma longa (52.65 & 51.67) were highly effective alone while aureofungin along with these plant extracts, the PCE was again increased. Use of plant extracts in combination with aureofungin was more fruitful.

ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Methyl parathion on morphological behavioural and some haematological indices in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp). The Silver carp were exposed to three different concentrations of (1, 5 and 10 ppm of the insecticide) for four days. The morphological and behavioural changes were observed and recorded. The values of erythrocytes (RBC- 1.65 ± 0.132), packed cell volume (PCV- 30.55±0.105) and hemoglobin (Hb-11.60±0.056) and haematocrit (Ht-0.64±0.340) value were significantly (P<0.005) decreased as compared to control (4.63±0.240, 48.01 ±0.540, 18.1±0.320 and 2.6±0.46) respectively. The values of mean corpuscular emoglobin content (MCHC-45.76±0.31) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH 38.30±0.127) were significantly (P<0.05) increased whereas, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV-90.50±0.158) was found to decrease with Methyl parathion administration in comparison with control (34.02±0.33, 31.13±0.076, 94.31±0.489). Lymphocyte (P<0.05), Neutrophils, Eosinophil, and Basophil increased significantly (P<0.005). In conclusion, the changes in blood parameters of the fish exposed to Methyl parathion may be related to decreased immune system. Assessment of haematological parameters could provide a useful indicator of Methyl parathion toxicity in freshwater fish.

ABSTRACT
The outskirt of the city of Yaoundé is heavily involved in agriculture which supplies the city's markets and populations with consumer agricultural products. This is the case of the eastern outskirts of Yaoundé, which is evolving under the influence of rapid and uncontrolled urban growth influencing agricultural practices. In order to verify this hypothesis, this article aims to show the evolution of the city of Yaoundé towards its eastern periphery, particularly in the subdivision of Nkol-Afamba; to analyze the impact of urban growth on agriculture and to bring out constructive solutions for sustainable agriculture in this peripheral area. The processing of satellite images from 2001 and 2018 shows how the build-up area increase from 1 637 ha to 3 125 ha within 17 years and the administration of a questionnaire to agricultural producers in Nkol-Afamba reveals that agricultural activity in the eastern periphery of Yaoundé is largely threatened by spontaneous and rapid construction, which has created problems such as land instability, the development of cultivable land toward the proliferation of development projects, the establishment of economic and industrial activities and the insufficiency of agricultural labor materialized by rural exodus of the youthful age group and the aging of the producers who are for the majority aged between 51 and 60 years. These problems entail risks of agricultural activity influencing both the yield and the quality of products. To this end, it is more than necessary to put on socio-political strategies benefic for a sustainable development of urban and agricultural spaces.