ABSTRACT
In this study, we conducted a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) survey of DGAT1 and CAPN1 genes on pure Australian imported Brahman (BRA) and crossbred cows between Brahman cows and Blanc Blue Belge bulls (BBB), Charolais (CHA) and Red Angus (RA). The SNP were made using the restriction enzyme shear pcr cleavage (PCR-RFLP). A total of 142 cows including: 37 BRA cows, 34 BRAxBBB crosses, 38 BRAxRA crosses, and 33 BRAxCHA crosses. The results showed that K232A polymorphism of DGAT1 gene allen type mainly K all accounted for 68.42% (BRAxRA) to 93.24% (BRA). The AA genotype only occurred in an individual in the BRAxBBB crossbred group (4.04%). For the g.5709 C> G polymorphism point in the CAPN1 gene, the CC genotype also appeared only in an individual of BRAxBBB cross-bred cow and was not found in other groups. Besides, the G allele frequency is quite high, from 66.73% (BRAxBBB) to 88.64% (BRAxCHA). The present study shows the prevalence of genotypes in imported Brahman and crossbred cattle between Brahman and other foreign beef breeds. The obtained results can be applied in selecting the superior genotype cows in the future

ABSTRACT
The ability to utilize Typha grass as a potential substrate for bioethanol production was analyzed in this research, the sample of Typha grass collected from Kware Lake was pretreated by autoclaving after it was initially dried and grounded into powdered form. The pretreated samplewas enzymatically hydrolyzed using Aspergillus niger for 7 days. The hydrolyzate was used to produce bioethanol by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was determined by HPLC analysis.The results indicated that pretreated Typha grass sample that was having higher lignin and hemicellulose composition of 28.15 % and 30.0 % was reduced to 14.29 % and 7.8 % respectively. Also, the α-cellulose composition was increased to a highest composition of 23.2 % from a lowest composition of 10.0 %. The pretreated sample that was hydrolyzed produced a highest reducing sugar yield of 19.14 g/L and the fermented hydrolyzate produced a bioethanol concentration of 2.07 % at day 6 of the fermentation period. From the results of this research, it is concluded that bioethanol can be produced from Typha grass and pretreatment can lessen cristallinity and expose cellulose thereby escalating reducing sugar yield for maximum bioethanol production

ABSTRACT
Long cooking time continues to be a major hindrance to the widespread consumption of beans. It is an important trait with implications for gender equity, energy utilization, and nutritional value of diets. In order to develop Phaseolus vulgaris genotype with faster cooking time, an experiment was conducted at Dang University of Ngaoundéré campus on five common bean cultivars and ten F1 hybrids synthesized from 5 x 5 half diallel mating. Cooking time test was carried out on freshly harvested dry seeds (T=0) and 10 days stored seeds (T=10) using the standardized Mattson cooker method. Analysis of variance showed that, the differences among the five cultivars for cooking time were highly significant (p< 0.001) for fresh and stored seeds indicating the presence of wide genetic variability. Freshly harvested beans cook 3-4 times faster than beans stored for 10 days. High broad sense heritability and high narrow sense heritability values showed the preponderance of genetic variance and the additive gene action in the governing of cooking time. The ratio GCA/SCA was greater than unity, confirming the importance of additive genetic variance for this character. The fastest cooking lines PR and PB appeared also as the best general combiners. Among the crosses, F1 hybrids PB x BI, PB x CT, PB x PR, PN x PR and BI x PR had positive and significant specific combining ability. Recessive alleles had positive effect for reducing cooking time and genotype PR had the maximum number of recessive genes. These results would help breeders to improve this trait in terms of initial parent selection and subsequent crossbred selection and breeding procedures.