ABSTRACT
In this article, it is a question for us to bring new orientation in an election and exploitation of didactic material generally and in strength languages particularly in Cameroon. In effect, the both notions constitute in reality the fundamentals elements in teaching learning process of strength languages. It is moreover the reason why we found it necessary to carry out this research which focuses on: The election and exploitation of authentic materials in spanish class as strength language. Although the existence of diversity of didactic material in Cameroon, we realize that the election and exploitation of this, determine the quality of the teaching learning process of strength languages. Then, we want to focus on certain elements such as: the election of material for a teacher, the exploitation of this in class in order to propose an example of activity to better resolve the problem.

ABSTRACT
Although play comprises a key factor for children’s learning and development, it seems not to be connected with learning or utilised for pedagogical purposes, by a large part of the educational community within Greek preschool environments. This study, conducted during the 2019-2020 school year, aims at exploring, with the aid of a questionnaire, the views of kindergarten educators (N:715) and elementary school teachers (N:793) throughout Greece, regarding play and its utilisation as a didactic tool in kindergarten and elementary school. The investigational data showed that within school environments, play is mainly associated with the pupils’ recess whereas for preschool environments, it is about reaching learning and teaching goals. Kindergarten educators use play to teach pupils of linguistic and logical-mathematical senses, while elementary school teachers barely utilise it likewise. Finally, this study underlines the re-training of educationalists towards the better utilisation of play within the educational process.

ABSTRACT
This study focused on and critically analyses of factors for public primary school teachers to engage in professional development. A total of 68 respondents were purposive sampled and reached. Data on factors for primary school teachers engaging in professional development were gathered using interview and focus group discussion. Qualitative method employed during data collection, analysis and interpretation. Respondents perceived that, there is intrinsic factor and extrinsic factors which motivate them to engage in professional development. Within such disposition there is individual interest and improving skills and knowledge as intrinsic factors. Also there is salary increment, Promotion, career change, head teachers harassment, change of curriculum and availability of institutions as an extrinsic factors. The study indicated that primary school teachers need to learn more complex and varied repertoire of teaching in addition to what was necessary in their past. This study is crucial for widening up primary school teachers on the factors motivated them to engage in professional development. Finally, the study recommends that similar studies should be conducted in more public primary schools in the same municipality or in other municipalities in the same region or in more regions with more districts to come up with more generalizable findings by covering a large study area would make generalization on the challenges public primary school teachers face when engaged in professional development feasible.

ABSTRACT
The goals of tertiary education institutions in any country are directed towards scientific, technological and socio-economic development among others. Tertiary institution managers have the responsibility to be sensitive and respond to challenges affecting their establishments, especially that of their products’ (graduates) employability in a competitive society. Awarding degree certificates to graduates that will face employment challenges in the labour market amounts to resource wastage in the production process. Entrepreneurial education focuses on developing a way of thinking, attitude, and mindset that frees an individual from being a burden to the society. It does not equate to coming up with ideas or making money. It provides students with the cross-functional skills necessary to boost their employability rate in response to the pressing issue of unemployment that institutional managers need to address quickly. This article explored managing entrepreneurial education at tertiary level for employability of their products in a competitive society. The paper contained introduction, discussion on entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial education skill types for tertiary education products, innovation as correlate to entrepreneurship education, employment challenges of tertiary institutions’ graduates, challenges of entrepreneurial education at tertiary institutions, resources and strategies for implementing entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions and managing entrepreneurial education at tertiary level for graduate employability. The paper equally featured conclusion and recommendations on the topic discussed.

ABSTRACT
Sihiri ni miongoni mwa mbinu zinazotumika katika utunzi wa kazi za kifasihi zikiwamo bunilizi za watoto za fasihi mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Aidha, kumekuwa na mkanganyiko mkubwa juu ya matumizi ya matendo [ ]. ya kisihiri katika bunilizi za watoto. Wataalam wengi wa fasihi ya watoto wamechunguza fantasia kwa upekee wake bila kujadili matendo ya kisihiri kimajumui. Suala hili limesababisha kutokuchunguzwa kwa matendo mengine yanayohusisha sihiri na kuacha ombwe la maarifa juu ya matendo ya kisihiri yanayounda kazi mbalimbali za watoto na fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto ikiwemo. Hivyo, makala hii imebainisha na kufafanua matendo ya kisihiri yanayopatikana katika bunilizi teule za fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto. Ili kufanikisha lengo la makala hii, bunilizi tano za fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto ambazo ni Mfalme Ndevu na Masikini-Mkatakuni, Sinderela, Hadithi ya Morile, Hadithi za Kusisimua na Marimba ya Majaliwa zimechunguzwa. Data za makala hii zimekusanywa kutoka katika bunilizi teule kwa njia ya usomaji na uchambuzi matini. Nadharia ya Uhalisiajabu imeongoza ukusanyaji na uchanganuzi wa data za makala hii. Msingi wa nadharia uliotumika ni ule unaoeleza kuwa Uhalisiaajabu hutokana na muunganiko wa masuala halisi pamoja na yale yasiyo halisi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonesha kuwa bunilizi teule za fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto zimeundwa kwa matendo mbalimbali ya kisihiri. Matendo hayo yamegawanyika katika makundi matatu. Kundi la kwanza linahusisha matendo ya kimazingaombwe kama vile viumbe wasio binadamu kuzungumza, viumbe kujibadilisha muonekano na kuchukuwa sura na umbo la viumbe wengine, mtu kutumia vitu kujipatia mahitaji yake, vifaa visivyo rasmi kwa shughuli ya usafiri kutumika katika usafiri pamoja na fimbo kuchapa bila kushikwa na mtu. Kundi la pili linahusisha matendo ya kitabiri kama, mtu kutabiri mipango ya maadui kwa mtendwa na mtu kuteguwa kitendawili kabla ya kukisikia. Aidha, kundi la tatu limehusisha matendo ya kiganga kama vile dawa kutumika kama .......

ABSTRACT
The question the identification of key beliefs in the teaching-learning history is relevant. However, if the typology of beliefs exists in the educational files, it faces an uneven development of the littrature. Many studies have deepened the typologization of epistemological beliefs as well as the typologization of psychological and pedagogical beliefs which remains fallow in Cameroon. Hence the following reseach question: what beliefs do history teachers believe? This article focuses on the study of the typologization of programming of teaching-learning of history. To meet this objective, an exploratory-descrpitive reseach combining a quantitative component and qualitative component was carried out, involving 65 teachers and 160 educational sheets. In order to type the beliefs of the teachers in planing of teaching –learning, we asssociated the questionnaire, individual interview and documentary analysis which only made it possible to triangulate the data but also to reach the empirical saturation. Data revealed positive beliefs in history reaching –learning. This result summons teachers to a triple vigilance: constructivist epistemological vigilance, constructivist pedagogical vigilance, constructivist psychological vigilance.

ABSTRACT
The language of cartoons is not as direct as the language of news reporting in that it is characterized by satirical and metaphorical pictures; and codified and connotative wordings which makes it socially appropriate and relevant to inform, educate and entertain the general public. Cartoons are used to satirize and lampoon socio-political abuses like corruption. In Kenya, corruption poses one of the greatest challenges facing the Kenyan government and reports on corruption scandals in the media are the order of the day. The present research studied the unique nature of the language of cartoons with focus on portrayal of corruption. The specific objective was to establish the metaphorical meaning of texts integrated in the multimodal political cartoons of corruption in The Daily Nation Newspaper. The research was guided by the tenets of the pictorial metaphor model founded by Charles Forceville (2006) within the conceptual metaphor theory. The study was limited to multimodal political cartoons depicting corruption in The Daily Nation Newspaper in 2018 and 2019, a period characterized by mega corruption scandals in Kenya. The study adopted the analytical research design. The study population comprised 14 multimodal political cartoons with metaphoric expressions in The Daily Nation Newspaper in 2018 and 2019. Random purposive sampling technique was used to select the required cartoons and the sample size was dictated by saturation sampling. A total of 14 metaphorical expressions were purposively sampled from the 14 political cartoons. The data was then coded and analyzed qualitatively into themes of the respective conceptual metaphors. The findings were that the conceptual metaphors of corruption in The Daily Nation Newspaper are investigating corruption is turning a stone to reveal what is underneath, coruption is dirty money, corruption is stench, bribery is purchase, corruption is war, corruption is robbery, strategising is warming up, corruption is a movie, ......