ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to show that war cannot be just, neither morally, nor in itself or in essence, because it always has political and legal causes. Conversely, terrorism cannot be justified. The rise of terrorism shows that the human spirit is not pure freedom or unmixed reason, part of a kingdom of ends. So it can be said that there is a similarity between the states that hold military power, the dictators who reign in terror, and the bombers. Their common point is the use of force, concealed in various forms: firearms, nuclear weapons, economic domination; violence.

ABSTRACT
Wannan takarda mai suna “Fina-Finan Hausa A Mahangar Al’umma: Gyara Ko Ɓarna?” ta yi nazarin wasu fina-finan Hausa tare da bayyana yadda al’umma ke kallon su ta ɓangaren gyara da kuma ɓarnar da suka kawo a cikin al’umma. An rubuta takardar domin faɗakar da al’umma dangane da irin alfanun da fina-finan suka kawo da kuma ayubban da suka haddasa a cikin al’umma baki ɗaya. An yi haka ta hanyar aron bakin al’umma aka ci musu albasa, duk da yake an yi hira da mutane masu yawa a kan irin gyaran da suke ganin fina-finan Hausa suka kawo da kuma matsalolin da suka haddasa. An gano akwai ɗan amfani da ba a rasa ba sai dai illoli sun fi a ƙirga. Abin da ya nuna haka shi ne, duk abin da ya zo ya raba al’umma da halinta na kirki da aka san ta da shi (tarbiyyarta) da kuma sanya ta cikin halin da ba a san ta da shi ba illa ne. Ba wannan kaɗai ba, fina-finan har faɗa suke yi da addinin Bahaushe. Wasu mutane ma ganin suke yi fim bai tsinana wa al’ummar Hausawa komai ba face ci baya. Takardar ta kawo wuraren da aka samu gyara da kuma ɓarnar da fina-finan suka tafka a al’ummar Hausawa tare da misalan da ke tabbatar da hakan. An yi haka domin iyaye su farka daga barcin da suke yi da nuna kula da ‘ya’yansu da na al’umma baki ɗaya domin ɗan Bahaushe na kowa ne a al’adance idan aka yi zancen tarbiyya.

ABSTRACT
Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, some people in the foreign countries have taken a skeptical attitude towards it, even oppose it. Xi Jinping addressed a speech at the opening ceremony of the Second Belt and Road forum for International Cooperation. The interpersonal meaning of the speech plays a key role in eliminating some people’s misunderstanding of the Belt and Road Initiative. Systemic-Functional linguists hold that interpersonal function is mainly realized through mood system, modal system and evaluation system. This paper studies personal subjects and modal verbs in Chinese and English version of this speech to explore the translation strategies of personal subjects and modal verbs in political speeches.

ABSTRACT
This single group experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an Enrichment Program delivered to the deaf-blind students. It evaluated the improvement in the achievement test scores of the deaf-blind student before and after the Enrichment Program. Single group pretest and posttest experimental study design was adopted for this study. The sample size was small due to low number of students with multisensory impairment of deafblindness. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in the pre-enrichment program assessment test and post-enrichment program assessment test scores of the deaf-blind students at p < 0.05. However, no significant difference was seen in the post-enrichment program assessment test and follow-up assessment test. These findings suggest that the Enrichment Program delivered using multiple communication strategies such as Tactile Sign language and body schemas significantly improves the learning process in the deaf-blind students.

ABSTRACT
The study investigated the influence of peer victimization on school attendance among male and female senior secondary school students in Uromi metropolis. One research question was raised and one hypothesis was formulated to provide direction for the study. The study used an ex post facto survey design. The research participants were 589 public senior secondary schools sampled in Uromi metropolis. The instruments used in this study were school attendance checklist and an adapted questionnaire titled: “Influence of Peer Victimization on School Attendance among Male and Female Senior Secondary School Students in Uromi Metropolis”, which was completed by the participants. The result showed that there is no significant difference in school attendance between male and female victims of peer victimization. The study has as one of its recommendations the establishment of Guidance Committee in schools towards the creation of a collaborative platform between the school and family, which is an important link of socialization in the life of students.

ABSTRACT
The study investigated Impact of Special Intervention Course on the Achievement of Physics Students in Colleges of Education Niger State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design, specifically Pretest, Posttest, non-equivalent, control group design was adopted for the study. Eighty-one (81) preservice teachers were sampled for the study. Two research questions were raised and Two corresponding null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Two experts validated the research instrument used for the study. Test-retest method was used to determine the reliability coefficient of Optics Achievement Test (OAT). The scores collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient formula and reliability index of 0.96 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.00. The results of the study revealed that the preservice teachers in the Special Intervention Course performed significantly better than those taught Optics only from the indication on the p-value. Based on the finding revealed that using Special Intervention Course as a supplement in Physics, preservice teachers under the Experimental group perform better than the preservice teachers in the Control group of the study. NCCE should adopted the use of Special Intervention Course pending the reintroduction of Optics I into NCE Minimum Standard of Physics and other subjects was among the recommendations made for this study.

ABSTRACT
Concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu and Ni) and physicochemical parameters were determined in water of Igun gold mine reservoir both in wet and dry seasons. Concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment were also evaluated. The concentration of the six heavy metals in water did not differ between seasons likewise the physicochemical parameters such as total dissolved solid, total hardness, sulphate, nitrate, temperature and oxygen but pH and alkalinity had seasonal variation (P=0.05). Heavy metal concentrations were found to be higher in sediment than in water and their concentrations also were in decreasing order of Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd>Ni in the sediment. All physicochemical parameters examined in the reservoir water were within permissible limit while concentrations of Cd, Fe, Pb and Ni exceeded the maximum allowable limit set by World Health Organization. Hence the water is considered unsuitable for domestic use and aquaculture purposes.