ABSTRACT
Traditional medicine is a part and parcel of African culture. In 2002, the WHO recognized that about 80% of Africans depended on traditional medicine for their health problems. Hence, WHO recommended that governments should incorporate traditional medicines into their NHS so as to improve on primary health care. Since then, the process of acceptance and integration of traditional medicine into the NHS by African governments has been done slowly with reluctance. They cited some issues with the practice of traditional medicine which prevent integration. However, with the legitimacy that traditional medicine enjoys, the public continues to use it for their health care challenges. Traditional medicine was also used to fight against covid-19. This article intends to examine how the legitimacy of traditional medicine can be improved by adding legality to it. Methodologically, it does a thematic study and a review of literature. Its analysis is qualitative in form. Traditional medicine is widely practiced in Africa. Having recognized the worth of traditional medicine, most African governments have allowed the public use of traditional medicine because of advocacy and its wide acceptance which gives it a legitimate status. The provision of higher quality services by traditional health care providers will be improved if legality is added to the legitimacy that it already has. Having proven its worth in the fight against covid-19, it should have a status that will make it more professional, productive and proactive in improving the health care of its users.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the form of legal protection for e-commerce platform users in buying and selling transactions electronically using normative juridical research. The type of approach and research location used is the statutory approach and the case approach, namely North Jakarta Court Decision Number: 165/Pid.Sus/2020/North Jakarta District Court. The study results show that legal protection arrangements for e-commerce platform users in buying and selling transactions electronically in Indonesia can use the umbrella of criminal law as stipulated in the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. In contrast, civil legal remedies can be filed based on the UUPK. Regarding legal remedies that e-commerce platform users can take if they experience losses through two settlement channels: litigation and non-litigation.

ABSTRACT
This article aims to identify and analyze the implementation of Restorative Justice (RJ) in handling criminal acts of persecution and types of criminal persecution committed by RJ. The empirical legal research method is used because it examines its application. The location chosen was the Kuniran Polsek, Probolinggo. The results show that user restorative justice has been carried out in the environment in the Pakuniran Village Regional Police, Pakuniran Police, Probolinggo, East Java -Indonesia. The results show that within one year, more than 10 cases of criminal acts of maltreatment were resolved using a Restorative Justice approach. Success was due to the solid collaboration of FORKOPIMDA and Religious Leaders, Community Leaders, and Youth Leaders in the Pakuniran Village Area, Pakuniran Police, and Probolinggo Police. Collaboration starts from the complaint process, meetings, and until the signing agreement peace among the parties. Meanwhile, the criteria for the types of crimes of persecution that can be carried out by restorative justice are based on the provisions of criminal acts in general, by Article 5 of the Regulation of the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021. Even though the crime of persecution can cause public unrest and lead to social conflict, the Polres Probolinggo could direct RJ to the crime of persecution.

ABSTRACT
Digitisation has given rise to the introduction of animations as forms of communication which have in turn been incorporated in advertisements, that aim to persuade while entertaining. Although advertisements aim at encouraging people to purchase goods and services, they have often been accused of presenting a ‘distorted mirror’ while reflecting certain cultural values of the countries in which they exist. In line with this, the study sought to examine the cultural values inherent in the ‘Jamii Milling’ animated advertisement. Using Langer’s theory of symbolism, the available three (3) different videos of the animated advertisement were analysed, with the aim of examining the signs, signifiers, denotative and connotative meanings inherent in them. The study established that although the advertisements were entertaining, inherent in them where specific dominant cultural values and that the advertisers demonstrated a significant tendency to focusing on these symbolic values rather than on the product’s attributes. Taking into account that Kenya is a multi-ethnic and multi-racial country, such a representation may lead to cultural stereotyping, thereby hindering social cohesion which is an important element in the development of any society.

ABSTRACT
The use of idioms in conversation among the Luhya speaking communities, especially during Witimbule Programme that is aired in Radio Mambo broadcast in Western Kenya, is common. Hardly does a social ceremony end without application of idioms among the Luhya people. The fact that they are interesting to use during the speeches, there are challenges that arise and if not resolved, they can cause misinterpretation, hence miscommunication. This study employs relevance theory by Wilson and Sperber (1995 /2002) which highlights that when the information is complex, it stands the risk of being misinterpreted or rejected by the mind. The study found that the hindrances to interpretation of idioms include deficiency in cognitive environment knowledge, dialectical constraints due to lexical mismatch among the Luhya speaking dialects ,lack of context ,ambiguity of idioms, lack of subject part of the idiom and lack of native speakers intuition .The results reveal that deficiency in cognitive environment knowledge was the main cause of difficulties encountered during interpretation of idioms in conversation among the Luhya speaking dialects. Dialectical variation contributed insignificantly to misinterpretation of idioms. From this assumption, the best strategy of interpreting idioms is the knowledge of cognitive environment approach besides others.

ABSTRACT
In Côte d'Ivoire, a review of data on FGM revealed that the repression of any attack on the integrity of a woman's genitals, by way of total or partial mutilation, excision and mechanisms put in place by the state in order to curb or contain the phenomenon by law n°98/757 promulgated on 23 December 1998. Despite this normative provision, the practice of excision still persists today and Côte d'Ivoire has a prevalence rate of 36.7% (MICS, 2016). This study, which will be carried out in 2021 and updated in 2022 on the basis of the MICS 2016, aims to examine the effectiveness of the policy to combat FGM and the institutional capacities of stakeholders to strengthen the effectiveness of their interventions in order to initiate the process of abandoning FGM. In terms of methodology, the study took place in Côte d'Ivoire, specifically in 20 villages in the health districts of Bouna, Bondoukou, Kong and Dabakala. 1120 people, 255 in Bouna, 259 in Bondoukou, 321 in Kong and 285 in Dabakala, took part in the interviews on the representations of FGM and the opportunities and possibilities of abandoning the phenomenon. Through an analysis of the content of the interviews, several interacting variables explain the persistence of the phenomenon, notably the clandestinity of the phenomenon, cross-border excision, the supernatural or mystic factors, ignorance of the law and the establishment of community mechanisms and their limitations. In short, the use of cultural substitutes is a possible and sustainable strategy for change.

ABSTRACT
As a novel which explores the relationship between human and robots, the novel Klara and the Sun has won a lot of attention from both readers and researchers, as it is different from normal writing of science fictions. Through many researches, however, a great amount of results are derived by using qualitative research method. Therefore, to draw a conclusion with authentic language data, this paper aims to use corpus-based method to compare the novel with other fictions and study the writing style and standpoint based on post-human condition combining quantitative study with qualitative study.