ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to describe and analyze the Implementation of Restrictions on the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Modern Retailers based on Jambi Mayor Regulation Number 61 of 2018 concerning Restrictions on the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags at the Jambi City Environment Service. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with an inductive approach with the aim of a clear, in-depth and systematic description of the Implementation of restrictions on the use of plastic shopping bags in modern retail. This policy aims to reduce the use of plastic or single-use shopping bags. The focus of this research consists of four aspects: communication, resources, disposition, bureaucratic structure, and the driving factors and inhibiting factors for implementing restrictions on the use of plastic shopping bags at the Jambi City Environment Service. Data collection techniques, namely, interview techniques, observation and documentation, were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation and concluding. The results of this study state that policy implementation has not been optimal because there are still constraints from human resources and limited budgets, and there is no standard operating procedure (SOP) in policy implementation. Business actors are required to implement non-plastic bags, and business actors carry out communication, information and education strategies to consumers, but this has yet to be realized optimally. Public legal awareness still needs to be improved in fulfilling this policy.

ABSTRACT
Governmental policies have automatically changed when COVID-19 was declared a national pandemic. The principal concerns regarding monetary settlements by the federal and regional governments are not an exception in this case. Based on the duties of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in the East Kutai Regency Government, this research was carried out to describe policy implementation and identify the encouraging and discouraging factors for refocusing policy implementation and budget reallocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this kind of research is qualitative descriptive research. The East Kutai Regency's DPRD Office is where this study is being conducted. An interactive model created by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014: 10–19) was utilized for the data analysis, which included data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion/verification. According to the study's findings, there were precise guidelines for implementing the strategy of refocusing and reallocating the regional revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) during the COVID-19 epidemic in East Kutai Regency. This rule sets forth the processes and tools for carrying out the decision to reallocate and refocus APBD in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The municipal administration has engaged in extensive and ongoing socialization by including relevant stakeholders in various communication channels. In addition, sufficient facilities, knowledge, and human resources are necessary for effective policy implementation.

ABSTRACT
Turkey has come to the forefront as one of the countries starting its initiatives towards Africa in the new international environment that emerged with the end of the Cold War period. Turkey had the advantage of creating a positive atmosphere to apply its historical ties and cultural similarities for the opening to Africa policy in 1998. Also, the declaration of the ‘Year of Africa’ in 2005 gave momentum to implementing soft power diplomacy in some parts of the region. In this context, the Somalia initiative has enhanced Turkey’s position to emerge as one of the active players in the region. The primary purpose of this study is to examine Turkey’s soft power diplomacy toward the African region, focusing on the Somalia initiative, its successes, and the limitations of that policy.

ABSTRACT
After the declaration of COVID-19 as a national pandemic, government policy, as stated in the Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 63 of 2017 concerning the Distribution of Non-Cash Social Assistance, states that the government is obliged to tackle poverty in any way by policy measures, one of which is through fulfilling basic needs through social assistance. Bandungrejosari Village, Sukun District, Malang City, is one of the villages that has received social assistance. However, distribution to beneficiary families (KPM) still needed to be evenly distributed based on field findings during the research, including several obstacles in data verification and recipients who were not on target. This research aims to describe and analyze policy implementation, supporting factors and obstacles to implementing the Regional Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNTD) policy in Bandungrejosari Village, Sukun District, Malang City. The type of research used is a qualitative descriptive approach. According to Miles and Huberman, the data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis technique model with stages of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and conclusions. This research was conducted in the Bandungrejosari Village, Sukun District, Malang City. The results of this research regarding the implementation of the BPNTD policy in Bandungrejosari subdistrict, Sukun sub-district, Malang city are still uneven because there are still many poor and underprivileged people who have not received BPNTD social assistance from the total number of poor people based on data on the number of poor people in Bandungrejosari subdistrict.

ABSTRACT
‘Intersex’ is an umbrella for persons born with variations of sex characteristics which may not correspond with societal and medical expected ‘male’ or ‘female’ bodies. Persons with intersex variations, therefore, are born with physical or biological characteristics that do not fit the typical definition for ‘male’ or ‘female’. In this paper I establish that there is no vivacious evidence that the Tanzania Government has taken stern measures to end discrimination against persons born with intersex variations in the country, and to ensure the right of bodily integrity, physical autonomy and self-determination as per demands and calls by The UN Human Rights Declarations and Resolutions, The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 1993, The Malta Declaration, 2013, the World Intersex Fora (that took place between 2011 and 2017), The Public Statement by the African Intersex Movement, 2017, and The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 2023. Incontestably, awareness of intersex conditions and persons born with intersex variations’ human and citizenship rights is increasing among this population group, researchers, parents/guardians, activists and in the media in this country. Increase of awareness is likely to come with increasing revolt, which may provide the impetus for legal reform. The Tanzania government, therefore, ought not to wait for this ignominy to surface — rather should act now to end cosmetic and harmful surgeries and protect vulnerable infants and children born with intersex variations in this country.

ABSTRACT
The thrust of this paper is a theological understanding of conversion which comes from text-driven biblical preaching and its missiological imperative for Christian missions in Africa. The study adopted a descriptive approach to discuss conversion as it relates to missions from Lukan perspective in two passages; Luke 13:7-14 and Acts 2:14-38 noting that conversion and fulfillment of the Great Commission is central and critical to these texts. Inferences drawn from brief expositions of the two texts revealed that conversion is the need of everyone and authentic proclamation of the Gospel is important for true conversion to take place. It is also inferred that true conversion coming from repentance and having faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour should reflect in a new way of life or transformation evident in simplicity and care for others. The study submitted that it is imperative for contemporary church in Africa to understand conversion as necessary to rid the nations of different menace including corruption, ungodly leadership and poverty. It is also imperative for the church in Africa to proclaim the gospel capable of resulting into conversion and transformation by engaging in expository text-driven biblical preaching, lifestyle evangelism, and demonstrating the power of God through signs and wonders. The delivery of the word of God must be accompanied with effective exposition of the biblical text through preaching to stir the heart of the hearer to true conversion.

ABSTRACT
This article analyses the link between the social imaginaries of professional integration and the employment situation of young people in the District of Abidjan. Thus, the interviews analysed in the light of the theory of the strategic actor revealed that the social imaginaries of the professional integration of young people consist of a salaried relationship. In this logic, the latter invite themselves into the political market by offering their militancy in exchange for paid work. But thy disillusionment as a result of political marketing at work and poorly kept promises; what helps to keep them unemployed. This production invites reflection on the preliminary actions to be taken for young people before any investment oriented towards entrepreneurship. Similarly, it questions the interest of the involvement of young people in the democratic game.

ABSTRACT
Environmental problem is a moral issue which is threatening the existence of human on earth at this contemporary time. Human is to promote peaceful co-existence of all that is consisting in the environment. Ironically, it is the activities of humans that generate environmental crises. Investigations into the current situation of the physical portion of the earth or the environment indicate that globally, alarming news of environmental problems that destroy lives and properties abound. Obviously, the Bible reveals that God’s intention for his creations include that they might dwell in the beautiful and good environment where God has placed them while human is in turn responsible for the care of the environment so the latter could sustain the other living creations and itself remained sustained. Various intervention groups including religious and indigenous depict that the church cannot keep mute on the issue of environmental sustainability. God’s representative on earth, the Church should be not only care giver to the environment but also advocate of the gospel of environmental sustainability. The environment should be kept clean for healthy living of residents to continue so God would be happy with the habitants, remain as their God by dwelling in their midst and for the habitants to continue to dwell in safety and be God’s people.

ABSTRACT
Professional reconversion, also known as "professional reorientation", has two distinct forms: involuntary professional reconversion and voluntary professional reconversion, and can occur for a variety of reasons. The aim of this study is to analyse the social factors that hinder the professional retraining of senior citizens in the Port-Bouet commune. The approach is qualitative. The sampling method is non-probabilistic and based on a sample of convenience, which made it possible to collect data from 30 respondents. Computer processing was the main technique used. Firstly, the recorded interviews were transcribed using Sony Digital voice recorder software, then coded using Dedoose software, which made it possible to highlight the different trends in each unit of analysis. The results show that, in terms of the social representation of professional retraining, for these former civil servants it is perceived as another source of income in addition to their retirement pension. It is also an excellent way of combating sedentary lifestyles. As for the factors limiting the professional conversion of these senior citizens, they are economic, political, health, social and legal. The beneficial effects of retraining on their quality of life, according to the respondents, were psychological, physical, economic, material and social.

ABSTRACT
Nationalism has always been a topic of interest in the field of cultural and historical studies. In this study, through the use of document analysis, approaching from a cultural perspective, we will explore the vital aspects of this ideology through the case of a famous cultural figure in Vietnam in the early 20th century, Huynh Thuc Khang (1876 - 1947). We focused on surveying a number of articles published in the newspaper Tieng Dan (1927 - 1943) to identify three main aspects of Huynh Thuc Khang's nationalism ideology: national pride; acknowledgement of national sovereignty and self-reliance.