ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical pattern of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis and to evaluate the precipitating factors and associated visual loss. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with HSV keratitis in the Cornea department of Rapti eye hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. The major outcome measures studied were demographic characteristics, clinical pattern of HSV keratitis, precipitating factors and visual acuity. Result: A total of 218 cases of HSV keratitis were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 39.23±20.19 years with majority belonging to age group 15-40 years. Stromal keratitis was the most common manifestation (109 cases; 50%) followed by disciform keratitis. Majority of cases had spontaneous onset and others had precipitating factors like minor ocular trauma, steroid and fever. Presenting visual acuity of <3/60 was present in 14.2% of cases. Conclusion: Productive age group are most commonly affected with HSV keratitis with stromal keratitis as the most common presentation. HSV keratitis may lead to significant scarring and severe visual impairment and blindness.

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Background: Hemorrhoids are anal cushions that enlarge, bleed, thrombose, prolapse, and result in clinical complaints. Surgery is the recommended course of action for people with grade III or grade IV haemorrhoids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, operating time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications of the two haemorrhoid surgery procedures: open hemorrhoidectomy and stapled haemorrhoidopexy. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Surgery in Kumuduni Women's Medical College, Tangail from January 2020 to January 2021. The current study covered all 84 patients, 42 of which underwent open surgery and 42 of which underwent stapled treatment. Version 20 of SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. In order to compare the results between the groups, both parametric and non-parametric tests were performed. Result: The mean age of patients was 39.05±5.29 years for the stapled haemorrhoidopexy group and 39.52±5.22 years for the open hemorrhoidectomy group. Most 23(54.8%) participants were male and 19(45.2%) were female in the stapled group whereas 25(59.5%) were male and 17(40.5%) were female in the open hemorrhoidectomy group. The stapled haemorrhoidopexy group's mean ± SD of intraoperative bleeding was 48.44±.9.42 ml, the average hospital stay was 1.42±.94 days and the average surgical duration was 1.42±.94 minutes. The mean ± SD of intraoperative blood loss for the open hemorrhoidectomy group was 72.65±11.92 ml, the mean hospital stay was 3.3±2.9 days, and the mean operational time and standard deviation were 49.12 ± 6.46 minutes. It was discovered that the open group had a higher rate of urine retention. Six (14.3%) patients in the stapled group experienced post-operative bleeding, compared to nine (21.4%) in the open group. In addition to 31% of patients in the stapled group, 57.1% of patients in the open group reported pain. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study reveals ....

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Background: Sleep is an essential primary need where recovery occurs in the body and brain to achieve optimal health. Medical student’ sleep quality tends to be poor due to a more busy schedule of lectures and practicums than other study programs. Disruption of sleep will affect the formation of hemoglobin and erythrocyte index, which is the cause of anemia. Aim: Analyzing the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index in medical students at the Universitas Nusa Cendana. Method: An observational analytic study with a Cross-Sectional design conducted on MEDICAL students of the Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana. Sleep quality data were obtained by filling out the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index were obtained through complete blood examination with a Hematology Analyzer on 54 samples that met the inclusion criteria. Sampling was done by using the Stratified Random Sampling technique. The results were analyzed univariately and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality is 68%. Anemia occurs in 35.2% of subjects, and the most morphological features of erythrocytes were normochromic normocytic (72.2%). Bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test showed p = 0.028 (p < 0.05) on the relationship between sleep quality and hemoglobin levels and p = 0.037 (p < 0.05) on the relationship between sleep quality and erythrocyte index. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep quality with hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index in medical students at Nusa Cendana University.

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Background: Maternal anemia has a high prevalence in Indonesia, where this condition can affect the fulfillment of nutritional intake for both mother and fetus and if not handled properly can affect nutritional status and cause metabolic problems in the baby. Aim: Analyzing the relationship between a history of maternal anemia and nutritional status in infants aged 0-12 months in West Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Method: This study involved 67 subjects aged 0-12 months who had MCH books and were fully stocked and obtained approval from biological mothers for their children to be the subjects of this study. The type of research design used by researchers is cross- sectional research. In this study, researchers analyzed the relationship of anemia that occurs in mothers during pregnancy with the nutritional status of 0-12 months infants using a retrospective approach by looking at the history of Antenatal Care (ANC) in the mother's MCH book, as well as making anthropometric measurements on the subjects. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test for the normality test and the Spearman's rho test for the correlation test. Results: There was no significant correlation between a history of maternal anemia with the nutritional status of babies 0-12 months at WHZ with p value = 0.5, WAZ with p value = 0.1, HAZ with p value = 0.7, BAZ with p value = 0.8. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the history of maternal anemia and the nutritional status of babies 0-12 months in West Kupang District.

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Introduction: Anemia is a common disorder in India, although there are plenty of reasons attributable to Anemia. Studies are reporting the beneficial effect of Anemia on lipid profile. Aim: This research was conducted to study the pattern of lipid profiles in anemic patients. Material and Method: Present hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients more than 18yrs of age attending the OPD or admitted to the medicine department National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, with diagnosed Anemia. The study was done over a period of two years on patients with proven cases of Anemia. After informed & written consent from the patients, detailed history, clinical assessment & laboratory investigation was done. Results: In the present study a total of 280 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria are included in the study. The mean age of the patients was found to be 39.44±14.92yrs; among them, 60% were female, and 40% were male patients with female preponderance. There was significant positive strength of association of hemoglobin with the lipid profile, which included the total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol l(p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed a significant strength of association between the hemoglobin level and the lipid profile parameters. Also, the lower mean level of lipid parameters with the severity of grade of Anemia.

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Background: NLR has historically been used as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID -19.Inflammatory markers serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum LDH have been reported to be significantly associated with the high risks of the development of severe COVID19. Aims: To correlate with total lymphocyte count (TLC) and Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in assessing the clinical course of COVID 19 and to study the role of inflammatory markers in assessing the severity and clinical course of COVID 19. Methods: The study was done as a cross sectional study among 519 patients who admitted in Trichy SRM medical college hospital and research centre. All adults of both sexes diagnosed with COVID 19 were included in study by consecutive sampling and patients with known chronic inflammatory conditons, autoimmune disorders, malignancy were excluded from the study. The total lymphocyte count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio were recorded and blood CRP, serum LDH, ferrtin, D dimer were done and correlated with the disease severity and clinical course of COVID. Results: Among 518 patients, 257(49.6%) patients were in the age group of 46 to 65 years and 309 (59.7%) patients were males and 209 (40.3%) were females. Neutrophil Lymphocte ratio was 3-2.5 in (30.9%) patients. Duration of stay in hospital was 11-14 days for 82 patients in that C reactive protein was positive for 55(67%) patients, serum ferritin range was 270-700 in 38(46.4%) patients, serum LDH range was 250-500 in 42(51.2%) patients and D-dimer was above 500 in 19(23.2%) patients. Conclusion: NLR and higher inflammatory markers correlates well with severity of disease and duration of hospitalization in COVID 19 patients.

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Introduction: Infected nonunion of the distal humerus is a challenging condition to treat, and Ilizarov treatment may be a viable option in some cases. Ilizarov treatment involves the use of an external fixation device to stabilize the bone and promote bone healing. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of infected nonunion of the distal humerus using Ilizarov treatment. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Orthopedics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from June 2003 to June 2007. Total 203 patients with infected nonunion of the distal humerus were included in this study. Result: In our study, mean age of the sample is 41.9 (SD±16.31) years. Majority of the study subject (58.6%) were female. The mean value of time to union was 8.1 months, with a standard deviation of 2.34 months. Mean follow up period was 35.5 months, with a standard deviation of 15.7 months. In bone results, majority of the study subject (63.1%) had an excellent outcome. In the functional results, most of the study subject (69.5%) had an excellent outcome. Regarding complications, majority of the study population (41.4%) had pin tract infection. For the elbow ROM arc parameter, there is a statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values (P=0.0016). The mean shoulder abduction reduced from 128.02° (SD±32.56°) to 123.75° (SD±24.25°) after treatment. For the shoulder abduction parameter, there is no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values (P=0.1348). The DASH score decreased from a mean of 31.14 to 9.61 after treatment. For the DASH score, there is a highly statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative values (P<0.0001). The mean preoperative VAS score was 7.05. After completion of treatment, the mean VAS score dropped to 2.21. For VAS score, there is a highly statistically significant .......