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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the rising proportions of CAD, only limited data are available on the relationship between Vitamin D. This study was aimed to assess the serum levels of 25(OH) Vitamin D and its causal association of Vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor in patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Material and Methods: Patients admitted with acute ST- Elevation and NON-ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the CCU unit of the National Institute of Medical Science & Research, Jaipur were chosen as cases. Rest healthy same age and sex-match ambulatory subjects were kept as controls. The data entered in the MS EXCEL spreadsheet and analysis will be done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test of association or Fischer exact test has been used to determine if there is an association between two categorical variables. Results: Among 50 study cases, the prevalent age group where 50-60 years was 16(32%) followed by 40-50 years (28%) while in control the majority of the participants were in between 40-50 years, 16(32%) followed by 15 cases (30%) in 30-40 years. It was observed that the mean BMI of the study cases was 29.11 ± 3.1 and for controls was 24.41 ± 1.92. Fifty-four percent of cases were found overweight with a BMI range between 25-29.9 and 21(42%) were found obese. In considering the control group, 21(42%) subjects were found overweight with a BMI range between 25-29.9 while no subject was obese with above 30. Most of the cases with vitamin deficiency and vitamin insufficiency were either overweight or obese and had BMI above 25 and a statistically significant difference with p=0.02828. ......

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Introduction: High sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an important sensitive inflammatory marker, but not a routine laboratory investigation for diagnosis of hypothyroidism. However, many thyroidal conditions involve inflammation in the present study, the level of hs-CRP and its link with hypothyroidism was assessed. Materials & Methods: A total of 60 males and 50 females aged 20-55 years were assessed for the study. Evaluation of hs-CRP was done on SD biosensor standard F200 fluorescent immunoassayauto analyser in serum was also assayed for FT3 FT4 and TSH by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using Stat-fax-2100. Result: In our study, we have found the values of FT3 in cases as 1.21+0.89 pg/ml lower than control values of 1.92+ 0.66 pg/ml, values of FT4 in cases is 0.60+ 0.53 ng/dl as compared to control group value of 1.40 +0.39 ng/dl, values of TSH as 2.07+ 1.19 miu/l higher than the control group of 0.48+1.67 miu/l. The mean values of hs-CRP for cases as 7.85+0.72 higher than the control group with 3.50+0.54. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that patients with hypothyroidism also have elevated hs-CRP which can have implication related to cardiovascular disease.

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Objectives: Several risk factors have been recognized in the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) toward a severe stage. Poor oral health has been relevant to many systemic diseases due to higher inflammation. This study sought to aim the influence of oral health status on severe COVID-19. Methods: A systematic search of the medical literature was done using a combination of search terms of online databases including PubMed/Medline, Medline, SCOPUS, Ovid, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar from December 1st, 2019 to July 30th, 2021. Only articles written in the English language were selected. Results: A total of 352 studies were reviewed for relevance, specified by the title, abstract, and full copy leading to a yield of 25 articles satisfying inclusion criteria. COVID-19 patients with poor oral health status were at a higher risk of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation, first and second-week deterioration, delayed recovery period, and mortality. Predisposing individuals to serious systemic diseases, conducting pathogens to the lower airways, developing bacterial co-infection, impairing the function of the innate immune system, increasing expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-II (ACEII) receptors, and enhancing expression of inflammatory cytokines are oral-related risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: This systematic literature review presents that poor oral health status is linked to severe COVID-19 complications. Monitoring and maintaining oral health, identifying risk groups, and developing appropriate recommendations are simple strategies to combat the current coronavirus crisis.

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Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative rod organism and the commonest urinary pathogen causing 60-90% of Urinary infections. Two virulence genes (Pap C and hlyA) had been reported to be involved in Escherichia coli pathogenicity and its resistance to antibiotics. The study aimed at detecting PapC and hlyA in E. coli isolated from clinical specimens in two main Tertiary hospitals (Federal Medical Centre and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital) in Bayelsa State. One hundred and forty-five specimens were collected and analyzed using the standard Bacteriological technique. Antibiotics Susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby Bauer method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed using ABI 970 amplified Biosystem thermal cycler. The susceptibility pattern showed that 18(90%) isolates were resistant to Nalixidic acid, 16(80%) to Ampicillin, 15(75%) to Ceporex, 14(70%) to Septrin and Augmentin, 12(60%) to Reflacine, 11(55%) to Ciprofloxacin, 9(45%) to Gentamycin, 8(40%) to Tarivid and 4(20%) to Streptomycin. Fifteen PCR products were resolved on 1.0% agarose gel, out of which 8(53.3%) harboured Pap C while 1(6.7%) harboured hlyA. Seven of the eight Pap C-carrying isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin while the HlyA virulence gene enhances the resistance of the organism to Ciprofloxacin. Therefore, the E. coli Pap C gene may be incorporated into Ciprofloxacin production to curb antibiotic resistance.

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Antimicrobial resistance continues to pose serious public health challenges. OqxA and OqxB are multidrug resistance genes that confer Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to more than one antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to detect OqxA in Escherichia coli and OqxB in Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples isolated from Niger Delta University, Yenagoa. A total of 50 samples were collected. The bacterial isolates were identified using a standard bacteriological technique, the genes were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction while the antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion. Of the 50 clinical isolates, 9(18%) were positive for E. coli while 15(30%) were positive for Klebsiella pnuemoniae. The total number of isolates were 18(36%) from male and 32(64%) from females. The susceptibility pattern of the isolates revealed that Escherichia coli exhibited the highest resistance of 100% to Cefuroxime and Augmentin, followed by Gentamycin and Ofloxacin (.55%) and Ciprofloxacin (11.11%) while Klebsiella pneumoniae Nalidixic Acid, Augmentin Cephalexin and Sulfamethoxazole shows 100% resistance respectively. Of the 9 that were E.coli isolates, 8(88.9%) harboured OqX A while of the 15 that were Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 13 (86.7%) harboured the OqxB genes. There was 100% resistance to Nalidixic acid, cefuroxime and sulfamethoxazole, with lowest resitance to meropenem (46.7%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). The report clearly demonstrates an urgent need for surveillance against these bacteria especially as they are pathogens of public health concerns to minimize the increasing pace of multidrug resistance conferred on these bacteria by OxAB genes.