ABSTRACT
Dementia in sub-Saharan Africa has been largely underestimated, but the cases are expected to increase substantially as African countries are experiencing highrates of growthin older people. As conventional medicine is expensive and often inaccessible, the majority of the communities in Africa rely on traditional medicine for basic health care. Plants may be a valuable source of neurotherapeutics, particularly of inhibitors of oxytosis/ferroptosis, a neurodegenerative pathway associated with dementia. This study evaluated the anti-oxytotic/ferroptotic activity of different plants used in the traditional medicine of Côte d’Ivoire. Ten plant species (Adenia cissampeloides, Adenia lobata, Entada mannii, Enantia polycarpa, Harungana madagascariensis, Kigelia africana, Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia mantaly, Terminalia superba and Vernonia amygdalina) were selected based on their traditional use and the respective parts were collected in the Agboville region of South-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. Extracts were prepared by maceration in water and tested for protection in a nerve cell culture model of oxytosis/ferroptosis. The neuroprotective effects of the extracts werefurther evaluated in additional cell-based assays, including intracellular Aβ toxicity, energy loss, inflammation and neurite differentiation. Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba offered the best protection overall in the assays. They provided strong inhibition of oxytosis/ferroptosis as well as excellent protection against intracellular Aβ toxicity and energy loss. Additional studies are required to confirm the efficacy of these plants as neurotherapeutics, but the findings highlight the potential of plants used in the traditional medicine of Côte d’Ivoire to provide new treatments for dementia.

ABSTRACT
Garlic, known as Allium sativum, is used in food and medicine. Allicin is one of the main bioactive agents found in garlic. This study investigated the tendency for allicin, a bioactive agent in garlic, to improve olfactory response in male wistar rats exposed to cadmium chloride-induced toxicity. Thirty male wistar rats were sampled in six groups of five rats each. The treatments were; group 1 (control)- water and feed, group 2-CdCl2 (5mg/kg) group 3-allicin(20mg/k), group 4-allicin(40mg/kg), group 5- CdCl2 (5mg/kg) +allicin (20mg/kg), group 6- CdCl2 (5mg/kg) +allicin(40mg/kg). Olfactory response was tested using buried reward test with the result presented as latency (in seconds). Statistical significance was tested at 95% confidence interval (P≤0.05). There was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in latency and an increase in olfactory response in response to increase in the dose of allicin administered. CdCl2 alone caused a significant increase (P≤0.05) in latency and decrease in olfactory response but when combined with allicin treatment there was a significant improvement in olfactory response. Allicin improves olfactory response dose-dependently using buried reward test.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Seronegative spondyloarthritides (SpA) are a family of various joint disorders that classically include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome; ReA), and undifferentiated SpA. Treatment goals for SpA are reducing symptoms, decreasing complications associated with the disease, and reducing functional limitations. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to find efficacy and safety of various doses of Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, compared with placebo in different stages of the treatment in patients with active Seronegative Spondyloarthritides. Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Popular Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Total 203 subjects of both sexes, aged more than 18 years were selected during the period of May 2023 to November 2023. In this 6 months study duration, patients received 16 weeks treatment (12-week treatment, 4-week washout) and were under follow up session for 8 weeks. Study patients with active SpA phase II were grouped to receive (N=25, 25, 25, 25, respectively) placebo or Jakloc (Tofacitinib) 5 mg and Jakloc (Tofacitinib) XR 11 mg manufactured by Popular Phermaceuticals PLC and Tofacitinib 2 mg or 10 mg (manufactured by other phermaceuticals) twice daily. Jakloc (Tofacitinib) XR 11 mg was used for adult patients with inadequate response or intolerance to methotrexate (3 patients). The primary efficacy endpoint was Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society 20% improvement (ASAS20) response rate at week 12. Secondary endpoints included objective measures of disease activity, patient-reported outcomes and MRI of sacroiliac joints and spine after follow up session for 8 weeks. Safety was monitored. Result: The Emax model analysis of the primary endpoint predicted a Jakloc (Tofacitinib) 10 mg twice daily ASAS20 response rate of 67.4%, which ........

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a permanent sensorineural hearing loss (HL) which affects the quality of life of exposed individuals. Aim: To determine the prevalence of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Timber market and petty traders in Accra, Ghana, and to assess the difference in actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers. Methods: This was a comparative study of NIHL among sawmill workers at the Agbogbloshie Timber Market of Accra and petty traders whose work environment was situated remotely from the sawmill. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Demographic characteristics and pure tone audiometric testing of study participants were analysed and presented as mean±standard deviation, counts and percentages. Independent T-test was used in comparing pure tone hearing thresholds of sawmill workers and petty traders at various frequencies. Results: A total of 120 sawmill workers and 120 petty traders were studied. Sixty-four (53.3%) of the petty traders were females and all the sawmill workers were males. Mean age of the sawmill workers was 41.5±11.8 years. The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% in the right ear and 43.3% in the left ear. Among the petty traders, the prevalence of NIHL was 12.5% in the right ear and 8.3% in the left ear. There was a statistically significant difference in NIHL between the sawmill workers and the petty traders (p-value = 0.0001). The prevalence of HL in the better ear for the sawmill workers and petty traders was 16.7% and 1.7% respectively. Sixty-nine (57.5%) sawmill workers self-reported HL compared to actual HL of 39 (32.5%) which showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.011). Conclusions: The prevalence of NIHL among the sawmill workers was 37.5% and 43.3% in the right and left ears. There was a significant difference between actual and self-reported HL among the sawmill workers.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Trauma pain is one of the most prevalent complaints among patients at emergency settings. Nurses have an indispensable role in the management of trauma pain, but literature has identified inadequate knowledge in pain management among nurses in many countries. This study was done to examine the practice of trauma pain management among nurses at the emergency and surgical units at the Bekwai Municipal Hospital. Methodology: This was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling method was employed with a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed with IBM SPSS Version 24. Independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the association between demographic characteristics and mean score in knowledge and attitude. P-values which were less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 41 nurses participated in this study. The mean score for knowledge and attitude in traumatic pain management was 51.1%. There was an association between mean score in knowledge and attitude and educational level (p-value = 0.001) and also between mean score in knowledge and attitude and job rank (p-value = 0.001). Nurses with previous training in pain management had higher knowledge and attitude (15.5± 2.7) than those without previous training (14.2± 3.5) in pain management but the mean difference was not significant (p-value = 0.182). Conclusions: Nurses at the Emergency and Surgical Unit at the Bekwai Municipal Hospital had poor knowledge and attitude toward traumatic pain management.

ABSTRACT
Background: Effective management of procedural pain is important for general patient care and quality of life. The study aimed at exploring paediatric procedural pain assessment practices, knowledge, and attitude among nurses at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was used in the study. This research was conducted among nurses at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants until data saturation was reached. The qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide via direct interviews and tape recorded. Data was transcribed and analysed manually using thematic content analysis. Findings: Data saturation was achieved after the interview with the 20th respondent in the study hence a total of twenty nurses participated in this study. Most 17 (85.0%) of the nurses were females. Majority 8 (40.0%) were aged between 31-40 years. The mean age of the participants was 35.2±7.5 years. Three themes emerged out of the study namely; knowledge and attitude towards procedural pain, assessment of procedural pain, and interventions for lessening procedural pain. Conclusion: Nurses in this study had limited knowledge about procedural pain management and assessment. Nevertheless, most of the nurses expressed positive attitude and willingness to be trained in procedural pain management.

ABSTRACT
It is a prospective and cross-sectional study, carried out at the Gynecological-Obstetrics department of the reference health center of commune I "Dr. Koniba PLEAH" from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, i.e. 12 months. The main objective was to contribute to the study of the place of blood transfusion in the management of obstetric emergencies. During the study period, we recorded 480 cases of obstetric emergencies, of which 160 cases were emergency blood transfusions, i.e. 33.33%. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was the first indication for blood transfusion with a frequency of 28.8% of patients. Management was based on: Blood transfusion with diversified PSLs (whole blood, CGR, PFC). MVA, salpingectomy, caesarean section, hysterorrhaphy, and hysterectomy.

ABSTRACT
Objective: To study postoperative complications of transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate in the urology department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over 12 months, from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. It covered all patients admitted, operated on and followed up in the Urology Department of CHU Gabriel Touré for benign prostatic hypertrophy and having a complete medical record. Results: Out of 102 patients operated on for prostate adenoma in the urology department of CHU Gabriel Touré, 26 cases of postoperative complications (POC) were recorded, representing a frequency of 25.49%. The average age of our patients was 71.38 years. Urinary bilharziasis was the main urological antecedent in 50% of patients, while inguinal hernia repair was the most common surgical antecedent, accounting for 27% of cases. Pollakiuria was the main reason for consultation (46.15%). Urinary tract infection was found in 57.69% of patients, with Escherichia coli the main germ involved (34.61%). The mean ultrasound prostate weight was 63.82g, with a mean total PSA level of 2.98ng/ml. Preoperative catheterization was strongly associated with postoperative complications (37.21%). The main indication for surgery was complicated BPH (infectious complication: 38.46%). The average duration of bladder irrigation was 2.3 days. Parietal suppuration was the main postoperative complication (30.77%). Postoperative indwelling catheterization lasted an average of 16 days. The average hospital stay was 7.3 days for patients with CPO versus 5 days for other patients. The mortality rate was estimated at 3.84%. Conclusion: In our context, transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate is still the most common surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Postoperative complications are dominated by parietal suppuration.