ABSTRACT
Introduction: Retroplacental hematoma is a significant cause of maternal death in developing countries. The objective of this study was to study the retroplacental hematoma at the reference health center (CSRef) of commune V of the district of Bamako. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the gynaecological and obstetrics department of the CSRéf of commune V in the district of Bamako. It involved 117 cases of retroplacental hematoma. Data entry and analysis were carried out on the Epi info software version 6.2. Results: Our study found that the frequency of retroplacental hematoma was 1.44%. The preferred age was 20 to 34 years (76.3%). Large multiparous women were the most affected (38.1%) and 6.2% of patients had a history of HRP. Caesarean section was the most commonly used route of delivery (82.9%) and the fetal prognosis was very poor (64% of fresh stillbirths). Postoperative complications were dominated by anaemia (81.4%). Conclusion: Retroplacental hematoma is a worrying pathology because of its maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

ABSTRACT
Background: Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), a major cause of men`s morbidity, is positively related to obesity, which is assessed using anthropometric measurements. Despite the scarcity of local literature on this relationship, varying associations between prostate volume (PV), age, and anthropometric parameters have been reported. Objectives: To ascertain the average BPH volume, the predominant age at risk for BPH, and any correlations between PV and anthropometric measurements in our community. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 125 men aged 40–80years, with normal prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) levels, at the Radiology department, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, from May 2023 to May, 2024. PV was calculated by transabdominal ultrasonography. Anthropometric measurements were made using set procedures, from which the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) were computed. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel with P value < 0.05. Results: The mean age and PV of participants was 61.6±9.5years and 74.2±52.5ml, respectively with majority, 41 (32.8%) of men in their seventh decade of life. Age and PV did not statistically significantly correlate (P = 0.159); however, BMI, HC, WC and WHTR did (P = 0.000, 0.002, 0.006, and 0.014). Conclusion: The mean sonographic PV was 74.2±52.5ml, with men in their seventh decade being the most at risk for BPH. PV exhibited a statistically significant correlation with some anthropometric parameters but not with respondents' age. The equations and models generated from this study will benefit future research on prostatic growth and early detection of BPH.

ABSTRACT
The study aimed at investigating the occurrence of preeclampsia and its preventive strategies among pregnant women attending Adeoyo Maternity Hospital. Yemetu, Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted using a systematic random sampling technique to select 400 consenting respondents from the antenatal clinic records of the hospital. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to elicit information on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, Preventive Strategies against Pre-eclampsia (PSP) such as place of care, resting techniques and social habits using 30-point PSP scale. Preventive strategies score ≤ 15, >15 were categorised as poor, and good respectively. Blood pressure measurements taken with readings greater than 140/90 mmHg were considered to be elevated. Four Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted using an FGD guide. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test at p=0.05, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic approach. Incidence of elevated blood pressure was 4.5%. Twenty-one percent mentioned that they had experienced swelling of the feet, ankle, hand and face, while 8.5% had tested positive to protein in the urine during pregnancy. Few (0.8%) had experienced pre-eclampsia in their earlier pregnancy and had their deliveries through caesarean section. Many of the respondents had good preventive strategies (95.3%) while 4.7% had poor preventive strategies respectively. The hospital (92.4%) topped the list of places where respondents sought care whenever they experienced symptoms suggestive of pre-eclampsia, while 6.5% reported they rested at home. Routine clinical examination is recommended for early detection to curb the prevalence of preeclampsia among pregnant women while uptake of preventive strategies is hereby advocated.

ABSTRACT
Erectile dysfunction is a prevalent urological problem affecting 3%-76.5% of men globally, yet its prevalence and associated factors in Zambia remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among adults accessing services at Ndola Teaching Hospital from 2017 to 2022. This retrospective cross-sectional study involved 500 male patients from 2017 to 2022, both with and without erectile dysfunction. The study used Stata/SE version 17 for univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, with a p-value of <0.05 indicating statistical significance. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was found to be 34.7%. Formal employment (AOR 0.38; 95% CI: [0.15 – 0.94], p = 0.037), married (AOR 0.35; 95% CI: [0.13 – 0.95], p = 0.039), single (AOR 0.09; 95% CI: [0.02 – 0.35], p = 0.001), and widowed (AOR 0.03; 95% CI: [0.01 – 0.13], p < 0.001) were associated with a reduced risk of developing erectile dysfunction. Drinking alcohol (AOR 8.50; 95% CI: [3.98 – 18.16], p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (AOR 34.3; 95% CI: [13.75 – 85.60], p < 0.001), hypertension (AOR 3.90; 95% CI: [1.77 – 8.59], p = 0.001), anti-depressants (AOR 17.2; 95% CI: [6.18 – 47.92], p < and Obesity (AOR 28.8; 95% CI: [2.42 – 343.99], p = 0.008) were associated with increased risk of developing erectile dysfunction. The study revealed that erectile dysfunction is a prevalent problem among men, with several risk factors identified, emphasizing the need to address these to prevent and effectively treat the condition.