ABSTRACT
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterised by insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and dyslipidaemia, contributing to long-term metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Despite available therapies, effective and sustainable alternatives remain limited, highlighting the need for novel adjunct interventions. This study investigated the effects of biotin supplementation on glucose metabolism, antioxidant status, and lipid profile in letrozole-induced PCOS female Wistar rats. A controlled experimental design was adopted, with 30 rats randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): control, letrozole-induced PCOS, letrozole + metformin, letrozole + low-dose biotin (100 mg/kg), and letrozole + high-dose biotin (150 mg/kg). Treatments were administered orally for 15–21 days. Biochemical parameters were analysed using standard laboratory methods, and data were expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Letrozole induction significantly increased blood glucose (95.91 ± 2.35 mg/dl) and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity compared with the control (p < 0.05). High-dose biotin significantly reduced glucose levels (85.55 ± 2.46 mg/dl) and improved catalase, SOD, GSH, and GST activities compared with the PCOS group (p < 0.05), though metformin achieved superior normalisation (75.01 ± 2.38 mg/dl). Biotin supplementation also improved lipid abnormalities, with high-dose biotin reducing LDL (27.89 ± 1.00 mg/dl) and increasing HDL (155.59 ± 1.74 mg/dl) relative to letrozole (p < 0.05). In conclusion, biotin supplementation, particularly at high doses, partially ameliorated hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, and dyslipidaemia in PCOS-induced rats. Biotin may serve as a supportive therapeutic agent in PCOS management. Further studies are recommended to determine optimal dosing, underlying mechanisms, and long-term clinical relevance.

ABSTRACT
Heart attacks, strokes, and sudden cardiac death can be avoided by routinely evaluating the cardiopulmonary profile, which includes the integrated function of the heart, lungs, and vascular system. Thus, the present study evaluated the cardiopulmonary profiles of traditional and industrial bread bakers resident in Port Harcourt. The present study adopted the survey-based cross-sectional approach to evaluate the cardiopulmonary profiles of traditional and industrial bread bakers resident in Port Harcourt. The quantitative data obtained from the study were statistically analysed using version 25.0 of the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. The present found that the age of the bakers and their non-baker counterparts ranged from 36.8 to 39.70 years; thus, implying a relatively young set of people make up the workforce in the bread baking industry. On BMI changes, the stud noted that the industrial bakers had significantly (p<0.05) elevated level when compared to those of non-bakers and traditional bakers. Only On the blood pressure profile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the bakers did not vary significantly (p>0.05), it was recorded here that, the value for the traditional bakers was the most marginally raised. The ECG findings on the bakers in the present study revealed that 60% of each of the traditional and industrial bakers presenting with sinus rhythm with abnormal findings ranging from left axis deviation, left/ or ventricular hypertrophy, incomplete right bundle branch block, left axis, deviation to clockwise QRS rotation. On the pulmonary profile screening, the mean FVC, FEV1 and FEV6 levels showed significant (p<0.05) reduced in the bakers. The traditional bakers even had much more significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of the parameters when compared to those of the industrial bakers. Thus, the bakers may need health education on the use of personal protective equipment and good health seeking behaviours to avert cardiopulmonary cri

ABSTRACT
Sexual-performance–enhancing products (aphrodisiacs) are widely used, yet their chronic and combined consumption may pose renal risks because the kidneys are central to drug metabolism and excretion. In Nigeria, concurrent use of prescription agents (e.g., sildenafil), herbal extracts (e.g., Trigonella foenum-graecum), and alcoholic bitters is common, but comparative experimental evidence on renal safety is limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of sildenafil citrate, aqueous T. foenum-graecum seed extract, and a selected alcoholic bitters—alone and in combination—on renal function in male Wistar rats. A randomized controlled experimental design was used: forty adult male rats were allocated into eight groups (control; low/high fenugreek; low/high sildenafil; low/high bitters; and combined low-dose of all test substances) and treated orally once daily for six weeks. Renal function indices (electrolytes/acid–base indices, urea, creatinine) were assessed, kidneys were examined histologically, and data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05). There were significant between-group differences in bicarbonate (F(7,32) = 7.712, p = 0.000), sodium (F(7,32) = 6.071, p = 0.000), and urea (F(7,32) = 6.849, p = 0.000). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences involving the control group for bicarbonate (most pairings, p < 0.05), and significant sodium differences including high-dose bitters versus several groups (e.g., Group 6 vs Group 8, p = 0.000). Creatinine differed significantly across multiple treated groups versus control (e.g., control vs Groups 3–6, p ≤ 0.038). Histology showed dose-related renal injury, with alcoholic bitters demonstrating the most pronounced lesions (glomerulonephritis and myxoid degeneration), while fenugreek and sildenafil produced milder-to-moderate tubular/glomerular alterations. In conclusion, repeated exposure to these aphrodisiacs produced treatment- and dose-dependent renal dysfunction a

ABSTRACT
Background: A large number of patients with sickle cell anaemia are in steady state as a result of high level of fetal haemoglobin (HbfF). However, few of those with low HbfF levels usually have bone pain crisis intermittently. Considering the delicate nature of these patients, it is therefore imperative to carry out this study. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to determine the haematological parameters in adult with sickle cell anaemia in steady state visiting a tertiary hospital (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital) Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria, with a view to providing a predictive data of SCA patients haematological parameters, as well as contribute to effective management of the disease. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Sixty (60) participants consisting of thirty (30) individuals with HbSS in steady state and thirty (30) apparently healthy HbAA controls were enrolled into the study. Result: The study revealed significantly higher mean white blood cell (WBC) and platelets count in the subjects with p value of < 0.005 but significantly lower mean haemoglobin and haematocrit (P< 0.005). Conclusion: Considering the role of leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in vaso-occlusion, it is therefore advisable to monitor patients with sickle cell anaemia closely and get them prevented from triggering factors to crisis as much as possible.