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IE in patients with CHD occurred in young patients. The IE is frequently right-sided. Although surgical treatment was required in many cases, mortality was low. It is important for patients with CHD to have preventive antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures.
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Medical abortion has been investigated as a non invasive option for early abortions as it avoids the risk of anaesthesia and surgical trauma to the cervix, uterus and other organs. The main objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of misoprostol as a cervical ripening agent in first trimester through three different routes of administration before surgical evacuation. It was a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019 on 60 women seeking first trimester abortions who were given misoprostol 400 µg by sublingual, vaginal and oral routes for cervical ripening prior to surgical evacuation. It was found that cervical dilatation was better in sublingual group as compared to oral or vaginal group and the mean duration of surgery was also less in sublingual group than in vaginal or oral group. So it was concluded that sublingual misoprostol is more effective than vaginal or oral route for pre-operative cervical ripening in first trimester abortion.
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We report a case of transient biventricular dysfunction post pericardiocentesis. Biventricular dysfunction post pericardiocentesis more prevalent than previous. In addition to judicious and gradual decompression to avoid ventricular dysfunction, patients undergoing therapeutic pericardiocentesis should have careful hemodynamic monitoring, as changes in parameters such as heart rate and respiratory rate can raise suspicion of acute ventricular impairment.
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Introduction: Fetal Death (FD) is a relatively common accident in developing countries. It is dramatic for women, health workers and society. This study aimed to determine the profile of pregnant women with fetal death and identify the etiological factors. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over six months (January 1st to June 30th, 2016). Included were parturients admitted to the maternity hospital where the diagnosis of fetal death was made. The parameters were: age, marital status, gestation, parity, state of the newborn and factors influencing fetal death. The data were entered and analyzed with the Epi info 7 software. Result: A total of 73 (4.78%) fetal deaths were recorded among the 1,525 deliveries performed during the study period. The average age concerned 28.12 ± 6.66 years and 87.67% of the cases (n = 64) were women, of whom 54.69% (n = 35) were from private health centers. Only 2 women (2.74%) did the refocused Prenatal Consultation (PNC). Eight (08) women (10.96%) were admitted with BDCF positive. The average gestation was 3.76 ± 2.14 and 50.68% of the mothers had a gestation between 1 and 4. As for the parity, the average was 2.56 ± 2.08 and 69.86% of the mothers had a parity between 0 and 4. The newborns were stillborn fresh in 42.46% of the cases. Among the main etiological factors of death are mainly vasculo-renal syndromes and their complications (38.35%). Acute fetal distress (28.65%), placenta previa (7.35%) and uterine rupture (25.65%) were the other etiologies found. Conclusion: Fetal death is relatively frequent at the zonal HUC of Abomey-Calavi. The etiological factors are various. Improving the quality of ANCs would significantly decrease the rate of fetal Death (FD).
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WHO has designated COVID-19 as a health problem with a global emergency status with the highest level of vigilance. Indonesia has a very strategic area. The entry and exit of Indonesian citizens and foreigners who carry out economic, educational, political, cultural, tourism, and other activities in Indonesia are hazardous for the spread of Covid-19. Indonesia is a country with two confirmed cases of Covid-19. Covid-19 has an impact on the health, tourism, economic, social, and other sectors. Prevention of dissemination is by responding to Covid-19 through early detection, human surveillance, environmental surveillance, transport equipment inspection, and goods inspection.
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Hyponatremia and vitamin D deficiency are frequent disorders, and both have been associated with gait disturbances, falls and fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of an association between serum sodium and vitamin D serum levels. We performed a retrospective investigation to establish whether hyponatremia and vitamin D deficiency may be associated in a general population of unselected outpatients. An electronic search was performed in the laboratory information systems of the Hospital of Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, to retrieve combined results for total vitamin D and sodium obtained in all outpatients referred for health check-up in the year 2013.Combined results of vitamin D and sodium could be retrieved for 509 outpatients (377 females and 232 males; mean age 64±17 years). Vitamin D deficient subjects displayed significantly lower levels of serum sodium (140 versus 141 mmol/L; p<0.001), along with a significantly higher rate of hyponatremia (6.3% versus 5.1%; p=0.037). Accordingly, hyponatremic subjects had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D (55 versus 60 nmol/L; p=0.015), along with a significantly higher rate of vitamin D deficiency (41.8% versus 36.1%; p=0.030). A highly significant correlation was found between sodium and total vitamin D after adjustment for age and gender (p<0.001).The results of this study demonstrate for the first time the existence of a significant correlation between the serum levels of sodium and total vitamin D in a general population of unselected outpatients.
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Background: Weight is a very useful and important parameter in the study of growth patterns especially in children. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of growth or the growth curve of Ibo children between the ages of 5-10 years old in Aba, a town in Abia state Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A weighing scale was used to measure the weight of a total of 834 children all living in Aba and the data obtained was used in the analysis of their growth pattern. Results and Discussions: The result showed that the boys have heavier birth weight while the girls mature earlier. The Aba children compared favourably with their Uniport counterparts at the earlier ages at the 3rd weight percentile but less with children whose weight fall within the 50th and 97th weight percentiles. The Aba children also compared favourably with the English children and the WHO’s figures recommended for measuring nutritional changes at the 3’ weight percentile but falls below the 50th and 97th percentiles. Conclusion: The result showed that Aba children were slightly below the WHO figures recommended for measuring nutritional changes which is as a result of their socio-economic status.
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Gums abound in nature and many have been extracted, characterized and used as excipients in dosage forms manufacture. In this study, gum obtained from Cissus populnea root was extracted and used as release retardant in the formulation of controlled release salbutamol tablets. Test gum, acrylate-methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit®RS100) and maize starch at varied concentrations were used to formulate tablets by wet granulation and the granules were characterized by measuring flow and packing properties. Granules with adequate flow properties were compressed into flat face tablets of 6 mm diameter at a compression load of 26.5 KgF on the load scale. Resultant tablets were evaluated for friability, hardness and drug release study. The pH of the gum was 8.03 and granules have angle of repose, bulk and tapped density and Carr’s index ranging from 18.53 ± 0.98 to 22.49 ± 0.97º, 0.53 ± 0.01 to 0.64 ± 0.01 g/ml, 0.56 ± 0.15 to 0.69 ± 0.01 g/ml and 5.35 ± 1.54 to 17.66 ± 2.31% respectively. Hardness values ranged from 4.61 ± 0.42 to 8.61 ± 0.84 Kg/F and friability percentage of 0.01 to 1.88%. The test gum and formulated salbutamol granules exhibit adequate flow properties and compressibility. Over 50% drug release was achieved between 60 and 150 min depending on gum concentration. Drug release from the tablets were adequately retarded and showed good post-compression properties. The study revealed Cissus populnea gum has comparable effect with Eudragit®RS100 at a ratio of 2:1 and can be used to formulate controlled release salbutamol tablets.
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The issue of fake drugs has been on the increase in Nigeria and is of great concern to the entire populace. Due to the expiration of the patent right of the innovator metformin brand, several generic brands of metformin were introduced into the market and there is fear about the effectiveness of these brands. This study was conducted to authenticate the efficacy or otherwise, of some of the brands of metformin marketed in Southern part of Nigeria. Different brands of metformin hydrochloride tablets were purchased from pharmacies in some states in southern part of Nigeria. The physical properties of the tablets and their packs were assessed. The tablets were evaluated based on official and unofficial tests such as uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution and drug content.The results obtained showed that the tablets and their packs had acceptable physical appearance. Tablets from all the brands passed the uniformity of weight test (< 5%), hardness (6.28 ± 0.37 to 36.12 ± 3.24), friability (0.01 to 0.80), disintegration time (2.6 to 8.4 min) and drug content (95.03 to 104.75%). The percentage cumulative drug released from the tablets at 45 min was more than 75% for all the brands.This study showed that all the brands studied passed the various official and unofficial tests and were comparable to the innovator brand. Therefore, any of the brands could be used to substitute for the innovator brand.
