ABSTRACT
Aim – To assess the compliance of healthcare professionals that include physicians, surgeons and orthopedicians in screening of foot in diabetes and analysing it through Amit Jain’s triple assessment. Methods and materials –A prospective comparative study was conducted at Raja Rajeswari Medical College, Bengaluru, India, which is a teaching hospital. All the new diabetic patients who were admitted in medicine ward by physicians, surgical ward by general surgeons and orthopaedic ward by orthopaedic surgeon were studied by us and they were divided in 3 groups. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.0 and R environment ver.3.2.2. Results – Each group had 20 patients. 80% of patients had diabetes of less than 10 years and there was no difference in both groups. Chronic kidney disease was significantly common in patients in group A (P- 0.039*). Foot screening was done by physicians in 15%, 5% by surgeons and screening of foot was not done by orthopedicians. 3.3% of patients were detected to have foot ulcer during screening. The triple assessment of foot consisting of looking for ulcer/infection, feeling foot pulses and testing for sensation was poor on both feet and there was no difference among all 3 groups. Significant association was noted between detection of ulcer and foot screening (P-0.003**). Conclusion – Screening of foot was extremely low among all the 3 specialists. Amit Jain’s triple assessment being the simplest and fastest screening tool, can be done with ease requiring minimum instruments. It is not just the patients who need to be educated, but even health care professionals requires to be educated on need for screening of foot if reduction in amputation is needed and we believe that this linear foot test should be a minimum evaluation tool for every healthcare professional as it addresses the triad of diabetic foot efficiently and effectively.

ABSTRACT
The current study explores some of the crucial variables on the preference of the RDWs regarding health workers. Further, the details on the components of Ante Natal Care (ANC) status and the role of health personnel in availing these ANC components provided to the Recently Delivered Women (RDW) or mothers in four districts of UP. From the catchment area of each ASHA, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months. Through this profile, the ANC components of RDWs, health care worker’s visit profile to the RDWs, preference regarding health personnel by RDWs and the recollection of contacts of health workers by the RDWs are reflected upon to give a picture that represents the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as data on the preference and opinion of RDWs on health workers, services provided for ANCs for recently delivered mothers are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The percentage of women covered for the four ANCs along with other services related to ANC are given for the district level but there is a significant difference between the services or indicators mentioned in the study and large-scale surveys like NFHS 4. The current study also gives the data regarding recollection of messages by the RDWs on ANC. A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study. The results showed that besides doctor, the most preferred health personnel in all the 4 districts were the ANM. Analysis of the various ANC related services showed that only in Saharanpur, 9% of RDWs said that they received need specific IEC and n

ABSTRACT
Background: The hematologic system undergoes a series of adaptive changes in preparation for fetal hematopoiesis and wellbeing while also serving as a cushion against expected blood loss at delivery. Objectives: The aim of the present review was to high light on the haematological disorders during pregnancy in pregnant women. The haematological changes during pregnancy are range from the increased plasma volume and red blood cell mass, leucocytosis and adaptive immunological changes to the relative hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. The increase in total blood volume at term, serves as a reserve against normal blood loss at delivery and peripartum hemorrhage. Anaemia is the most common hematological problem in pregnancy, followed by thrombocytopenia. Hemoglobin level below 11g/dl in pregnant women constitutes anemia and hemoglobin below 7g/dl is severe anemia. Up to 56% of all women living in developing countries are anemic. About 20 % of maternal deaths occur due to anaemia. The most common causes of anaemia in pregnancy include iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hemolytic diseases, bone marrow suppression, chronic blood loss and underlying malignancies. Prevalence of several maternal risk factors which are associated with low birth weight, increased perinatal, maternal morbidity and mortality are higher among anaemic women. Also, leukocytosis is almost always associated with pregnancy. A pregnancy related leukocytosis with an increase in neutrophils has been seen from the second month of pregnancy with an upward trend observed as pregnancy advances. Lymphocyte count was decreased in pregnant women. 10% lower platelets level at term compared with at pre-pregnancy . The mechanisms for this are thought to be due to dilution effects and accelerated destruction of platelets passing over the often scarred and damaged trophoblast surface of the placenta. 75% of cases of platelets changes are due to gestational thrombocytopenia, 15%–20% seconda

ABSTRACT
Endosalpingiosis refers to the existence of heterotopic cystic mullarian tissue resembling structures of fallopian tube. It is a rare benign entity whose pathophysiology is not clearly understood. We report a case of cystic endosalpingiosis in a 36-year-old pregnant women during her scheduled lower segment caesarean section. During the procedure the part of uterine fundus and left fallopian tube was studded with multiple cyst like structures, for which left salpingectomy was done. On histopathological examination it was diagnosed as Para tubal cyst with endosalpingiosis. Under recognition of endosalpingiosis may led to its misinterpretation as adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT
Background: Spondiasdulcris has diverse traditional medicinal uses in its fruits, leaves and bark in different parts of the world. It is useful for burns and wound healing, remedy for diarrhea, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and the inner bark is used to treat cough and fever. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous bark extracts of unripe Spondias dulcris on plasma glucose, triacylglycerol concentrations and weight in normal albino rats as well as histopathological examination of the liver, hearts and kidney sections of the rats. This was done with a view of understanding the possible role of this plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The test groups were administered a dose of the extract (2ml/kg body weight) twice daily in addition to growers mash while the control group was exposed to only grower’s mash and distilled water. The plasma glucose and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Both groups were weighed on the weighing scale on test days up to the 28th day after which the animals were sacrificed and histological examination was done. Results: The result showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma glucose and triacylglycerol in the test group when compared to the control. The histological report showed that the aqueous extract of Spondias dulcris was neither cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic. Conclusion: Conclusively the aqueous bark extract of Spondias dulcris could have therapeutic effects by its anti-diabetic and hypolipaemic effects in a number of metabolic syndromes including diabetes mellitus in humans.

ABSTRACT
150 children with cerebral palsy of varying age groups were examined clinically for their lower limb torsional variation. All cerebral palsy children were divided into groups depending on involvement of limbs. Femoral and tibial torsion were assessed individually, as they can alter the gait pattern in these children. In our study the femoral and tibial torsions were assessed clinically by assessing the femoral in-torsion and out-torsion, the trans malleolar axis and the thigh foot axis. These lower limb torsions vary within the two groups in this study, between limbs of the same individual and between different age groups. It is important to know the normal variations for better management and observation for prognostic importance.

ABSTRACT
Nigella sativa (black cumin), a small shrub native to Western Asia, Middle East and Eastern Europe, has been used for centuries for cooking as well as home remedies for various ailments. Its miraculous beneficial properties has made it to be of key interest in the modern medicine. Its use has been extensively studied for medicinal purposes owing to the fact that it has little to no side effects. With a wide range of uses in multiple fields, its role in strengthening the body’s immunity has emerged to be of significant value. Owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, nigella sativa and its most active component thymoquinone has been studied in countless researches to be proven as a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent.