ABSTRACT
Background: Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification are common procedures for cataract surgery these days. Contrary to phacoemulsification, where its machines are expensive to buy and to maintain; demanding expensive surgical consumables and extensive surgical training, MSICS is emerging as a popular technique with all the merits of phacoemulsification along with its wider applicability, safety, easy learning curve, and low cost and machine-independent nature. Because of this, MSICS is being widely practiced in countries like Nepal. Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the outcome of visual acuity of first-day postoperative patients undergoing MSICS and phacoemulsification group and their effectiveness. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study of the visual outcome of the first day of postoperative patients was compared in a large sample of 2083 patients, including 1492 patients with MSICS and 591 patients with phacoemulsification from January 1 2019 to December 31, 2019. Preoperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed using MS Excel and IBM SPSS V20 to cross-check the analysis outcomes. Results: The statistical analysis shows the comparable result of good visual acuity (6/6 – 6/18) in both groups. It also revealed that among the two groups, the occurrence of the post-operative complication is more in the phacoemulsification group. Conclusion: In the developing world, MSICS can be taken as a choice because it is cost-effective, machine-independent, and has a reduced chance of postoperative complication. MSICS produces a good visual outcome compared with phacoemulsification.

ABSTRACT
Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and abnormal uterine bleeding. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at North East Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet from January 2019 to August 2019. A convenient sample of 40 women with AUB was selected after eligibility to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Another sample of 40women with normal cycle selected as control cases. Results: During the study, comparing AUB women with control women with no AUB revealed no significant differences regarding occupation (p=0.9), marital status (p=0.2), parity (p=0.3), BMI (p=0.3), and euthyroid women wile on thyroid replacement therapy (p=1.0). There was a significant association between positive contraception history and women with AUB (p=0.001). No significant differences were observed between AUB women and controls regarding post coital bleeding (p=0.1) and history of Pap smear (p=0.07). There was a significant association between intermenstrual bleeding and women with AUB (p=0.02). The common interesting findings in our study were the significant association between high TSH level and women with AUB (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed between AUB women and controls regarding T3 level (p=0.5). Women with AUB were significantly associated with low T4 level (p=0.04); 10% of AUB women had low T4 level. a significant association was observed between women with AUB and hypothyroidism (p=0.003); 22% of AUB women had hypothyroidism while 2% of controls had hypothyroidism. Conclusion: A significant cause of thyroid dysfunction is abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age. Thyroid hormones should be taken into account in the evaluation of patients with unexplained uterine bleeding.

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STHs) and Helicobacter pylori among children in Port Harcourt Children’s home was investigated. Faecal and blood samples were collected from the participants. The faecal samples were examined for the presence of STHs using the direct smear and modified acid fast staining techniques while the blood samples were serologically investigated for the presence of H. pylori using the H. pylori IgG antibody kit. Out of the 99 children examined, 14(14.1%) and 54(54.5%) were positive for STHs and H. pylori respectively. The STHs identified included Hookworm (35.7%), Trichiuri trichiura (35.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (21.4%). Double infections of A. lumbricoides + H. pylori (21.3%), Hookworm + H. pylori (35.7%), T. trichiura + H. pylori (35.7%) and mixed infection of A. lumbricoides + Hookworm + H. pylori (7.1%) was recorded. The occurrence of H. pylori in relation to sex, age and level of education among the children showed no statistical significance (p < 0.05). Health education of the children and sustenance the policy and health strategies that ensure low prevalence of the infections should be encouraged. Furthermore, there should deliberate action plan to improve on the availability and accessibility to healthcare in the study area.