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Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-induced disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and other systemic disorders after 20 weeks of gestation and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The main pathological characteristics of preeclampsia are poor trophoblast cell invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling dysfunction caused by placenta ischemia and oxidative stress. Nowadays, preeclampsia is considered to be the results of the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. However, its accurate pathogenesis remains unknown. It was considered IGF-1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. As is known, the behaviors of cells, the formation of placenta and the growth of fetus are widely regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Several studies have shown that IGF-1 was significantly reduced in preeclampsia. Objectives: To assess the role of Insulin like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) as a Predictor of Preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective cohort study conducted in General Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit OPD, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January, 2020 to December, 2020. Pregnant women between 8 weeks to 15 weeks were enrolled for study after fulfilling selection criteria. Serum concentration of Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was assessed with cut off value of IGF-I 175.9 ng/ml. The value above 175.9 ng/ml was categorized as normal IGF-I and value below 175.9 ng/ml was categorized as low IGF-I. The patients who had value above 175.9 ng/ml were grouped as A. The value below 175.9 ng/ml was grouped as B. Then they were followed up monthly upto 28 weeks, two weekly upto 36 weeks, weekly upto delivery and puerperium for development of preeclampsia or not. All information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23. Data were compared and correlated among groups and presented by tables and figures. Result: Maternal serum concentration .....

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Objective: To evaluate the echo graphic assessment of inappropriate left ventricular mass and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with diastolic function. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary medical hospital where Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on 200 patients with simple hypertension at a tertiary medical center. If a woman had an LVM index of more than 88 g/m2 of body-surface area, or if a man had an LVM index of more than 102 g/m2 of body-surface area, they were considered to have an unhealthy amount of LVM. Women with a septal wall thickness of more than 0/9 cm and males with a thickness of more than 1 cm are considered to have LVH. Early diastolic peak velocity (E) was compared to late diastolic peak velocity (A), deceleration time (DT), and early diastolic peak velocity (E′) were also assessed as echocardiographic parameters. Results: Patients' averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings on the day of admission were 142.87 18.12 and 88.45 9.18 mmHg, respectively. Twenty-one percent of the individuals had an abnormal LV mass, with 5.6% having a mild abnormality and 5.6% having a severe abnormality. Patients with mild left ventricular hypertrophy had a higher mean age and body mass index (P 0.05). Patients with more severe ventricular hypertrophy had longer E/A ratios and longer deceleration times after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The mean body mass index (BMI) of subjects with severe was 33. 7 3.7 (P 0.001). Slightly different levels of diastolic dysfunction were associated with varying degrees of improper LV mass (P = 0.065). However, there was no correlation between E/A, E/E′, or deceleration time and excessive LV mass (P > 0.05). The relationship between diastolic dysfunction and LV mass was analyzed using Spearman's Rank test (P = 0.025). Conclusion: While LVH is a strong predictor of diastolic dysfunction severity as measured .......

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Intermediate uveitis is a relatively infrequent pathology. No predominance of age, sex, or race. Etiologies are dominated by mainly bacterial and inflammatory infectious causes, especially sarcoidosis, Behcet, and MS. The diagnosis is mainly clinical; paraclinical is an element of etiological orientation and severity. The prognosis is relatively good apart from the signs of severity represented by the macular, papillary, vasculitis, retinal detachment, and secondary glaucoma. In addition to etiological treatment, symptomatic treatment is based on corticotherapy or immunosuppressed by a general route if bilateral or intravitreal or a Sub‐Tenon anesthesia route if unilateral involvement.

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Congenital entropion is a pathology of the appendices corresponding to palpebral malposition characterized by an abnormal congenital inversion of the eyelid towards the eyeball. It consists of a rotation towards the inside of the margin of the eyelid, Anatomically, there is a horizontal or vertical release of the eyelid, a disinsertion of the retractors, and a hyper action of the orbicular. It may be of interest to one eye or bilateral. Often touches the lower palm. May cause mechanical irritation of the ocular surface by eyelashes that come in contact with the globe, which can lead to abrasion and ulceration of the cornea sometimes visual impairment. The first typical symptoms are a sensation of a foreign body, redness, watering, ocular discharge, and photophobia. The success of the result depends on the early diagnosis which must be appropriate, the choice of surgical technique, and the absence of preoperative complications. Often regress spontaneously, in case of failure surgery is necessary. Prognosis is often good.

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Pterygium is a frequent pathology that affects the appendages of the eye. It is a degenerative fibrovascular lesion of the bulbar conjunctiva appearing in the palpebral fissure and extending over the cornea, mainly in the nasal region [1]. It is frequently found in tropical regions [1]. Most are asymptomatic but can lead to eye morbidity associated with aesthetic consequences. Its symptomatology is dominated by irritation, watering, tingling, and discomfort. Decreased visual acuity is related to flooding, lamella penetration, and corneal deformation [2-4]. His treatment remains surgery. Several techniques are described such as simple excision, excision with graft (auto, amniotic membrane), use of adjuvants, and Beta irradiation [5, 6]. Complications remain rare but formidable. Management varies according to schools and availability. The most severe constitute perforation with often recourse to keratoplasty.

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Reproduction is important evolutionary process that is necessary for the maintenance of life. Human fertility depends on a number of endocrine factors, one of which includes the regulation of thyroid hormone. The thyroid's role in neurocognitive and fetal development is of key importance. Any disruption in the regulation of the thyroid gives rise to a thyroid disorder. The underactivity of this gland will lead to a condition known as hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism is way more in females, especially during their reproductive period. Infertility in males is also a key concern nowadays. The prevalence of infertility in males is one of the concerning topics for the couple as a whole. The hormonal assessment serves as a guide for the evaluation of fertility. The metabolic activity of iodine in the regulation of thyroid normal function is very essential. The present narrative review aims to evaluate thyroid hormone physiology, hypothyroidism, the major types of hypothyroidism, its correlation with fertility, and with the patients that are suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article will discuss the iodine association with hypothyroidism and its potential role in fertility. It will aim to provide a precise understanding of associated thyroid disorders that are majorly linked with male infertility.

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Background: India was a part of Covid-19 pandemic & experienced a massive surge of cases during second wave. Tears & conjunctival secretions were also thought to be source of infection. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of conjunctival swab positivity for SAR-COV-2 by rRT-PCR and to find an association between ocular symptoms & conjunctival swab (CS) positivity in patients with nasopharyngeal Swab (NPS) confirmed Covid-19 disease. Material & Methods: It was a prospective, international study on patients with NPS rRT-PCR Confirmed covid -19 disease. Complete history, Systemic & ocular examination along with basic parameters were documented. Clinical information about hospitalization & respiratory aid was recorded. Within 2 days of NPS, CS was taken. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by Microsoft Excel SPSS (Chicago Inc) Software for window & open epi software (version 3). Yates corrected Chi-square test was used to test association & prevalence was reported as a point estimate with 95% CI. Results: Out of 76 admitted patients. 72 NPS confirmed Covid -19 positive cases was included. Prevalence of CS positivity was 5.56% (4 patients) Mean age of sample was 64.11+- 20.408 years. Prevalence of CS positive in males was 10% & in females 2.38%. Prevalence of CS positivity in isolation ward was 1.61% where as in ICU it was 30%. Prevalence of CS positivity was 1.59% in Patients on high flow oxygen therapy, 25% in patients on BiPAP and 66.67% in patients on ventilator. Study showed OR-17.4, i.e. patients with ocular symptoms had 17.4 times more risks of CS positivity as compared to patients with no ocular symptoms. The association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity is statistically significant. Conclusion: Over all Prevalence of CS positivity is 5.6%. With increase in severity of disease, the prevalence of CS positivity increases and there is positive association between ocular symptoms & CS positivity.