ABSTRACT
Unwanted pregnancy constitutes a huge embarrassment for parents and community, especially when it concerns adolescent girls of school age. Many factors put them at risk and consequently the need for sex or reproductive health education. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with unwanted pregnancy and sex education needs of adolescent school girls in Amassoma community, Bayelsa state. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Using a multistage sampling technique involving 3 steps and by simple random sampling, 170 respondents were selected. Data was collected using a self-structured close-ended questionnaire and questions analysed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 in the form of frequency distribution tables, and percentages. The results of the study indicate that a high number of 146(89%) of the respondents are linked with high-risk factors towards unwanted pregnancy. Given that the socio-demographic variables and overall risk factors for age, grade level, religion, marital status, residence and guardians socio-economic factors were all statistically not significant respectively (p =0.306; p =0.972, p =0.725; p = 0.211; p = 0.837 and p = 0.211). Similarly, a high rate of reproductive education needs 121(73.8%) among respondents on sex education needs were not met. Evidenced from analysis of results the government, NGO's, schools, hospitals, the community, families and parents are recommended to pay keen attention to the risk factors and reproductive or sex education needs of the adolescent girls.

ABSTRACT
Background: Clinical settings provides a real-world environment in which students can safely translate theoretical nursing knowledge into practical nursing care, while simultaneously developing the attitudes and skills that are essential to the profession (Galletta, M. et al., 2017). Since perception of students is an influential factor in determining safety in clinical settings and in any educational value in clinical settings, students must follow educationally sound behaviors such as participation, interaction, communication, feedback, and transparency that our true religion has urged this study aimed to determine nursing students’ perception of communication and safety reporting. Methodology: This is a descriptive exploratory cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum state at five recognized governmental universities, total coverage sampling method was used, included 470 nursing students in the 4th year 2017-2018 that met selection criteria, data collected by the researcher using published self administered survey then the collected data were analyzed included 470 respondents. Results: Among 519 nursing students included, a total of 470 students responded at a rate of 90.5% and responses showed that one third of them 162(34.5%) reported that students and nurses in the clinical settings sometimes discuss ways to prevent errors from happening while, 153(32.6%) never feel free to speak up if they see something that may negatively affect the patient safety and (34.9%) perceived that nurses were not appear free to speak up if they see something that may negatively affect the patient safety , hence near to half 232(49.4%) stressed that clinical instructor never discuss patient safety including the use of reporting tools, although 153(32.6%) of respondents perceived that they aware about errors made by themselves, other students or nurses but 148(31.5%) perceived that sometimes they are afraid to ask questions if something does not seem right. Fur

ABSTRACT
Absenteeism affects the overall performance of student and leads to low quality graduates. This study was aimed at determining the factors that influence student nurses’ absenteeism in the school of nursing and midwifery Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching Sokoto. Cross sectional descriptive survey was used. The target population consisted of 199 student nurses from year one, year two and year three of the school of which 133 were conveniently sampled. Data were collected by means of an adapted questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21) was used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed the physical illness, family responsibilities, and inadequate finance as the personal factors that influence absenteeism among students in school of nursing UDUTH. The study recommends that, students should be provided with timely scholarship and free drugs for the treatment of common illness. Similarly, mentorship should be provided to all students indulged in such act.

ABSTRACT
Patient centered care (PCC) is a service and caring that focused on patient, caring which engage patient and family involvement to identify patient’s needs by consider patient’s preference and prioritize patient’s satisfaction. In its implementation, PCC is influenced by some factors such as leadership, strategical vision, patient and family involvement, work environment, monitoring and evaluation, quality of environment and technology. The objective of study is to identify the related factors of the PCC implementation in General Hospital of Banda Aceh. The study is descriptive correlative study with cross sectional study approach. Samples of the study are 142 respondents with total sampling technique. Descriptive statistic is used to describe respondent’s characteristic. Chi-square test and logistic regression is conducted to identify related factor in PCC implementation. The multivariate study shows that leadership is significantly related with PCC implementation (P-value = 0,000) and value (OR=142.292), there significant relation between strategic vision with PCC implementation (P-value =0,000) and value (OR=8.782 ), there is significant relation between monitoring and evaluation with PCC implementation (P-value =0,000) and value (OR=17.642), and there significant relation between technology and PCC implementation (P-value =0,000) and value (OR=68.938). It is suggested to policy maker and manager to establish PCC in hospital strategic plan and oversee the implementation of PCC as efforts to improve the caring quality to the patient in hospital.

ABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. The patients with schizophrenia usually experience the changes in their cognitive and social functions. This study aims to identify factors that associate with cognitive and social functions among inpatients with schizophrenia. Using the total sampling method, a total of 172 inpatients participated in this study. The cognitive and social functions were examined using the Mini Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (Mini-Ace) and personality social performance (PSP), respectively. Cognitive function significantly associated with education, cannabis use, and the duration of cannabis use (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, social function was significantly associated with gender, education, and family history (p < 0.05). Specific interventions are needed to improve the cognitive and social functions among inpatient with schizophrenia includes more therapies.

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Academic stress is a body's response to academic demands that exceed the adaptive abilities of students. This study aims to determine the comparison of the stress levels of diploma (DIII) military and non-military nursing students. The research is a quantitative research with comparative study approach. Respondents comprised 753 students, selected using total sampling technique. The results of this study indicated that the level of academic stress in military and non-military students were both at high levels, namely in 92.1% of military students and 87.4% in non-military students. Statistical test using non-parametric Mann Whitney test suggested that there was no difference in academic stress levels of military and non-military students with a value of Mann Whitney test > 0.05 (0.528). Suggestion for researchers to conduct research with quasi experiment design, by providing interventions to students to reduce academic stress levels.

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Introduction: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have also invaded the health sector with many nursing departments being affected by their use. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to delve into the utility of various technological applications such as information and communication in supporting and providing patient health care in the hospital setting. Methodology: The study material consisted of articles on the topic found in Greek and international databases such as: Google Scholar, Mednet, Pubmed, Medline and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). The exclusion criterion for the articles was the language, except for Greek and English. Mostly, only articles and studies accessible to authors were used. Results: Information usually indicates an action, while not necessarily identifying a person, an object, or an abstract concept. It is a 'fact' that occurs in the field of interaction amongst thoughts, objects or additional information. The value of the information depends directly on the presence of a specially structured material database responsible for sharing it. Without the material basis and proper sharing service, the information becomes marginal regarding its ability to optimize outcomes and processes. Conclusions: Training and life-long education of the health personnel in the use of computers and ICT applications is a very important factor for the success of the whole project.

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Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between transcultural factors with health care seeking behavior of families of under-five children with ARI in Lhokseumawe. Methods: quantitative approach with a cross sectional study was conducted. The population in this study was all mothers who have children (1 - 5 years) who suffer from ARI. The number of samples in this study was determined by estimation, so as many as 321 mothers were participated. The research instrument consisted of 105 statement lists to measure transcultural variables. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and binary logistic regression with the stepwise method. Results : The results showed that out of 7 transcultural variables, There were 4 variables ; technological factor (P-value: 0.037), religious and philosophical factor (P-value: 0.007), kinship and social factor (P-value: 0.002), cultural values, beliefs and ways of living factor (P-value: 0,0001) and educational factor (P-value: 0,0001), Cultural values, beliefs and ways of living and educational factors are the most dominant predictors influencing health care seeking behavior in families of children under five with ARI. Conclusions: Cultural values, beliefs and ways of living and educational factors are the most dominant predictors of health care seeking behavior in families of children with ARI.

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Background: The phenomenon that occurs in teenagers currently is more attention to appearance, for example how to dress, make up, style hair and behave. Teenagers need to be seen as good looking people that can attract the attention of others, especially peers. Moreover, teenagers believe that self-appearance play an important role in social acceptance particularly acceptance from peers. This situation impacts on eliminate body image on female teenagers and finally lead to low self-esteem feelings. In fact, counseling in group is trusted to increase the body image in young females become more positive. Methods: In this study, quasy experiment was employed. The number of samples in this study was determined using power analysis adduced by Cohen (1992). Based on his explanation, it can be inferred that in this study a total sample of 64 young women was taken for each group (intervention group and control group) with a total sample was 128 women. The data instrument used for measuring body image was the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). Meanwhile, counseling given to the intervention group used a Cognitive Behavior Group Counseling approach including 6 sessions. The measurements of body image were carried out 3 times that were before counseling, 1 week after counseling and 2 weeks after counseling. Finally, the data were analyzed by using the two mean difference test. Results: The results showed that cognitive behavior group counseling was proven effective in increasing body image in young women becoming more positive. Conclusions: Cognitive behavior group counseling is an effective instrument in developing a positive body image.

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Objectives: To the aim of this study is to analyses the factors associated with parents’ post-hospitalization anxiety level of pre-school children in Lhokseumawe City. This study is of quantitative. This study was conducted in Lhokseumawe City. The samples were 116 individuals. Methods: Univariate quantitative analysis, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate using double logistic regression on reliance level of 95% (α=0.05). Results: The study showed variables affecting parents’ post-hospitalization anxiety level of pre-school children namely mothers’ age (p=0.000<0.05), health factor (p=0.000<0.05) and parent’s stress (p=0.000<0.05). The variables not affecting were education (p=0.450>0.05), income (p=0.447>0.05) as well as parent’s strategy and coping source (p=0.216>0.05). Conclusions: The most dominant affecting variable is parent’s stress level and education factors. It is expected that this study can be a reference source for future researchers in conducting other researches on parent’s post-hospitalization anxiety of pre-school children.

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Developmental disorder of speech, language and or communication affects many things, including school academic achievement, general skills, social relations and work. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with developmental verbal disorders in 5-year-old children. The type of this research was quantitative with cross sectional study design. The sample used was mothers with 5-year-old children totaling 140 people who were randomly selected in a sub-district in Aceh, Indonesia. The method of data collection used was a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi square test results indicated that the factors associated with verbal development were prenatal, delivery and postpartum factors. While the logistic regression test results showed that the prenatal factor was the most dominant factor related to the ability of verbal development (P Value: 0.0001; OR: 59,386). It is expected that families, especially mothers, get prenatal care during their next pregnancy and train language development by communicating correctly and clearly with children. It is also suggested that health workers at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) improve health promotion about the importance of mother care during pregnancy

ABSTRACT
The goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program is to increase the degree of community’s health and nutritional status through health efforts and community empowerment. The coverage of family visits in Aceh was 27.51% with a healthy family indicator of 0.26 including unhealthy family. Healthy Family Indicators in the working area of Community Health Center of West Aceh found 60% were unhealthy families, 20% were pre-healthy families and 20% were healthy families. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the implementation of healthy family indicators. The type of this research was quantitative with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were families lived in the working area of the Community Health Center of West Aceh Regency totaling 4,984 families. Stratified random sampling using the Slovin formula was used in this study with a sample of 370 households. Data collection was carried out in the working area of West Aceh Community Health Center using a questionnaire. Data analize that used are univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the factors which were not related to the application of the Healthy Family Indicator were health facilities and access to the healthcare. Lack of healthcare’s use results in unhealthy families. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that families utilize healthcare to solve family health problems in order to create healthy families. Health workers do some approaches to the families to build the family’s trust in health services.

ABSTRACT
Stunting reflect chronic nutrition problem especially in the first 1000 days live that cause growth and development disruption in toddler. During 2018 there are up to 4907 (48,4%) toddlers who suffer from stunting were identified in South Aceh. Stunting are influenced by some factors such as mother's education level, social and economical status, low birth weight babies, immunization status, mothers body height, mothers age, toddler infection diseases history, maternal health status and environmental sanitation. The purpose of this study is to find out risk factors of stunting incidents in work area of implementation unit of South Aceh Regency health primary services. The type of this study is quantitative with descriptive correlational study and designed with cross sectional study. Population of the study is whole 408 of 1-5 years old toddlers and 301 of them are taken total sample based on inclusion criteria. The measuring instrument was the questionnaire modification of the Indonesian Health Ministry. Stampede scales are GEA BR90158 and microtoise SH-2A GEA to measure toddler anthropometric. Result from logistic regression shows that low birth weight babies are significantly related to stunting incidents (p=0,000) by odds ratio 6,021, infection disease history (p=0,003) by odds ratio 2,292 and environmental sanitation (p=0,026) by odds ratio 1,800. Low birth weight babies have six times possibility if compared with those who not. It is expected to family to fulfill nutrition needs, evaluate growth and development status, especially low birth weight babies, as the dominant risk factor in stunting incidents.

ABSTRACT
The complexity associated with the patient's condition during the treatment process in the inpatient room makes them vulnerable to dangerous incidence. Therefore, productive safety culture is needed to reduce these complications with fewer side effects. This research therefore aims to determine the effect of the patient safety culture training program in Banda Aceh General Hospital (RSUD). This is a quasi-experimental research that uses the one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were obtained from a total of 55 nurses from the Neurology inpatient room using questionnaires on Survey Hospital On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), before and after the training program. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test. The results showed an increase in nurses' perceptions of the 12 dimensions of patient safety culture before and after the training program (p-value = 0,000). In addition, for each dimension, there is an increase in teamwork with a p-value of 0,000 for manager's expectations, actions, support for patient safety, open communication, teamwork, staffing, handoffs/transitions, and non-punitive responses to errors. The feedback and communication errors had a p-value of 0.001, while the organizational learning and continuous improvement is 0.002), with a frequency of reported incidents at 0.003. In conclusion, the provision of training programs has the ability to improve the overall perception of patient safety culture. However, additional actions are needed, such as reporting incidents and non-punitive responses.

ABSTRACT
Sectio caesarean births encounter several dilemmas for both mothers and their new born babies. Some of the problems are related to the breastfeeding process during the postpartum period. Mothers and babies may have less skin-to-skin contact immediately after the birth and mothers may not be able to breastfeed their babies within the first hour after giving birth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with performing Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) in postpartum sectio caesarean mothers. This is a retrospective quantitative survey with 312 postpartum mothers with sectio caesarea. The study uses a total sampling technique and data collection was conducted by using combination of standard and modified questionnaires related to factors associated with EIB. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that maternal complication was the most associated factor with performing the EIB in postpartum mothers with sectio caesarea (p-value 0.0001). The lower the rate of complications of mothers, the better the implementation of EIB in postpartum mothers with sectio caesarea (OR 40,780). Based on the study results, it is suggested to postpartum mothers with sectio caesarea to continue performing exclusive breastfeeding and the health workers especially the nurses and midwives should implemented adequate nursing care plan in reducing complications to postpartum mothers with sectio caesarea.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The health discipline is very important for maintaining the health and living standards of the population. Health unit management is one of the factors contributing to the quality of health services provided, increasing both citizens’ and job satisfaction. Purpose: The purpose of this review study is to present a high-tech management information system in a healthcare unit; and in particular, a hospital emergency department. It will also present the functional and non-fictional needs of the system, its possible solutions and its evaluation. Methodology: Greek and international scientific databases were reviewed. The study material consisted of articles on the topic found in Greek and international databases such as: Google Scholar, Mednet, Pubmed, Medline and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). Results: The major difficulties commonly encountered in health units are patient management and quality of health services provided. In particular, the health discipline is particularly sensitive and it is characterized by diversity. There are also many specialties in that sector that require cooperation amongst doctors, nurses, administration officials, providers and other specialties. Problems such as reduction in health expenditure have recently led to a reduction in available resources and staff in health facilities. Conclusions: There are many information systems that can be used in a hospital department that should be studied by both specialists and staff.