ABSTRACT
Background: Delayed union fractures pose a significant clinical challenge, often requiring enhanced treatment modalities to accelerate healing and improve patient outcomes. Various techniques, including autologous bone grafting and biologic agents like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been employed to stimulate bone regeneration. However, the optimal approach remains debated. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of autologous bone grafting, biologic agents, and combined therapies in promoting fracture healing, reducing pain, improving functional outcomes, and enhancing patient satisfaction in delayed union fractures. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with delayed union fractures. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: standard care (control), autologous bone grafting, biologic agents (PRP and BMPs), or a combination of bone grafting and biologic agents. Radiographic healing was assessed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), functional outcomes were assessed using the AAOS lower limb function scale, and patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. Results: The combined therapy group exhibited significantly faster radiographic healing, with 80% of patients showing callus formation at 6 weeks and 95% achieving complete union at 24 weeks, compared to 35% in the control group. The combined group also reported the greatest reduction in VAS pain scores, with a mean decrease from 7.8 to 1.5 at 24 weeks (p<0.001). Functional outcomes were significantly improved in the combined group, with a mean AAOS score of 100 at 24 weeks, compared to 70 in the control group (p<0.001). Additionally, 90% of patients in the combined group reported high satisfaction, compared to 40% in the control group. Conclusion: The combination of autologous bone grafting and biologic agents, such as PRP and BMPs, significantly accelerates ..........

ABSTRACT
This article focuses on pleomorphic sarcomas, which are malignant mesenchymal tumors with a complex genetic background underlying their morphological pleomorphism. These are poorly differentiated tumors that can maintain different lines of differentiation, sometimes correlating with clinicopathological or prognostic characteristics. Accurate diagnosis in this group of tumors relies on adequate sampling due to their heterogeneity and evaluation by both microscopy and large immunohistochemistry panels. Molecular analyzes have a limited role in their diagnosis as opposed to translocation-related sarcomas, but they may provide important the anotic and prognostic information in the future.

ABSTRACT
Isolated acute dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is a rare lesion, and in 50 % of cases goes unrecognized; it may be palmar or dorsal. Its diagnosis is suspected when the wrist is traumatic, painful, with limited pronosupination and no fracture on radiological examination. Treatment is aimed at preventing the development of chronic instability and/or arthrosis, and consists of reduction followed by immobilization.