ABSTRACT
Background: Posterior lumbar spine fusions (PLSF) surgery is widely used in the field of spinal surgery for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis, because of its surgical effectiveness and simple approach. But in such surgery, surgical site infection (SSI) is a matter of concern. In Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented information regarding SSI and related complications after posterior lumbar spine fusions (PLSF) among patients. Aim of the study: The aim of to this study was to determine the incidences of postoperative surgical site infection after lumbar spinal surgery and its several characteristics. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study which was conducted in the department of Orthopedics, Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March 2019 to December 2019. In total 47 patients of surgical site infections (SSI) following posterior lumbar spine fusions (PLSF) from several age groups were selected as the study people. Data regarding causes of surgery, frequencies of SSIs, associated causative organisms and other clinical status were recorded and analyzed. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS programs as per need. Results: In analyzing types of SSI after posterior lumbar surgery among participants we observed 38.30%, 34.04% and 21.28% patients were with lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar disc herniation respectively. Among all the participants, among the highest number of patients S. aureus was associated as (19%) were found among noticeable number of patients. a single micro-organism. Besides these, MSSA (19%), S. epidermidis (26%) and MRSE. Conclusion: The pre-assessment of microbiological characteristics should be done in all cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients after posterior lumbar spine fusions. Prompt application of antibiotics may reduce the complications in patients after posterior ........

ABSTRACT
Treatment of infected gap non-union of tibia occurring mostly after trauma and often complicated by infection is difficult to treat. Daily clinical practice in fixation, soft tissue management, and antibiotic therapy, treating infected gap nonunion of the tibia remains a problem for Orthopaedic surgeons. Management includes thorough debridement, stabilization of the fracture, and reconstruction of the bone defect. The study's goal was to evaluate the Ilizarov fixator frame's effectiveness in treating tibial gap nonunion.